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43D CONGRESS, } SENATE. Mis. Doc. Ist Session. No. 130.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
BOARD OF REGENTS
OF TIT
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
SHOWING
THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR 1873.
WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1874.
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, February 13, 1874. Ordered, That the annual report of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1873 be printed. Attest: ' GEO. C. GORHAM, Secretary of the Senate.
LETTER
FROM THE
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
TRANSMITTING
The annual report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1873.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, February 13, 1874. Sir: In behalf of the Board of Regents, I have thé honor to submit to the Congress of the United States the annual report of the opera- tions, expenditures, and condition of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1873. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. Hon. M. H. CARPENTER, President of the Senate. Hon. J. G. BLAINE, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR 1878.
This document contains: 1. The programme of organization of the Smithsonian Institution. 2. The annual report of the Secretary, giving an account of the operations and condition of the establishment for the year 1873, with the statistics of collections, exchanges, meteorology, &ce. od. The report of the executive committee, exhibiting the financial affairs of the Institution, including a statement of the Smithson fund, the receipts and expenditures for the year 1873, and the estimates for 1874. 4. The proceedings of the Board of Regents. 5. A general appendix, consisting principally of reports of lectures, translations from foreign journals of articles not generally accessible, but of interest to meteor- ologists, correspondents of the Institution, teachers, and others inter- ested in the promotion of knowledge. |
OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION.
JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary,
Director of the Institution.
SPENCER F. BAIRD,
Assistant Secretary.
WILLIAM J. RHEES,
Chief Clerk.
DANIEL LEECH,
Corresponding Clerk.
CLARENCE B. YOUNG,
Book-keeper.
HERMANN DIEBITSCH,
Exchange Clerk,
JANE A. TURNER,
Huchange Clerk.
SOLOMON G. BROWN,
Transportation Clerk.
JOSEPH HERRON,
Janitor.
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
ULYSSES 8. GRANT......- President of the United States, ex-officio Presiding Officer of the Institution
MORRISON R. WAITE...Chief-Justice of the United States, Chancellor of the Insti- tution, President of the Board of Regents.
JOMHAE SONI Cso ses obs Secretary (or Director) of the Institution.
REGENTS OF THE INSTITUTION.
MORRISON R. WAITE.. -Chief-Justice of the United States, President of the Board.
HENRY WILSON ...-.-.-. Vice-President of the United States.
18[, JELAMODIINseskesecodeue Member of the Senate of the United States. J. W. STEVENSON ..---- Member of the Senate of the United States. A. A. SARGENT..---...-.- Member of the Senate of the United States. flo tS CAD. a eee ate ret Member of the House of Representatives. Tas RS BRON Sy eee een Member of the House of Representatives. G. W. HAZELTON...-.--. Member of the House of Representatives. JOHN MACLEAN .:.-.-.. Citizen of New Jersey.
PETER PARKER 2.22000: Citizen of Washington.
WILLIAM T. SHERMAN ..Citizen of Washington.
PAS Ave GR ARVO ne en ah Citizen of Massachusetts.
Mo, Dead DYSON Eee ee ee Citizen of Connecticut.
HENRY COPPEE......--- Citizen of Pennsylvania.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS.
PETER PARKER. JOHN MACLEAN. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN.
MEMBERS EX-OFFICIO OF THE INSTITUTION.
LES Sex Gu ACN Tuy een ee eye President of the United States. EEEINEYaWiall SON) ce. Sane: Vice-President of the United States. IU lB NAVAN G0 Ol Deeley sia Chief-Justice of the United States. EY SSO L GL0Ns SE ie Secretary of State.
Bele BRISTOW Pee. 2e Secretary of the Treasury.
W..W.. BELKNAP ..-....- Secretary of War.
G. M. ROBESON. .........-Secretary of the Navy.
Je ORES Wil ile a2 Postmaster-General.
€. DELANO) 22S 2252. S5.- Secretary of the Interior.
GEO. H. WILLIAMS...--. Attorney-General.
Men) Snr) G Gini eee Commissioner of Patents.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, PROFESSOR HENRY, FOR THE YEAR 1878.
GENTLEMEN: I have the honor herewith to present a continuation of the history of the Smithsonian Institution, comprising an account of its operations, condition, and expenditures during the year 1873. No change in this time has been made in the general policy of the estab- lishment. Congress has continued its appropriations for the support of the National Museum under the charge of the Institution, and has thus relieved the Smithson fund from a burden the support of which has annually absorbed a large portion of the income. Freed from the ex- pense of the support of the-museum, at the beginning of 1873 we anticipated doing much more than we had previously done in the way of advancing science without encroaching on the unexpended balance in the Treasury at the close of 1872, but in this we were disappointed by the failure of the First National Bank of Washington, which had in its possession at the time of its suspension a considerable portion of the semi-annual income received on the Ist of July, and which was intended to carry on our operations during the remainder of the year. Previous to 1867 the interest on the Smithson fund was deposited in the private banking house of Riggs & Co., but at the session of the Board February 22, 1867, I was directed, by a resolution suggested by Chief Justice Chase, to transfer the money to the First National Bank, an authorized Government depository. This was accordingly done, and the bank faithfully discharged the duty which devolved upon it until the 19th of September, 1873, when it failed to bonor our drafts. The whole sum in the bank at this time was $8,224.87. On this sum the Institution has since received a dividend of 30 per cent., amounting to $2,467.46. In order to meet this unexpected difficulty a reduction was made, as far as possible, in the accruing expenses, by stopping the printing of various articles, and deferring for a time the prosecution of various enterprises in which the Institution had previously embarked.
Hor paying the salaries and other urgent claims an application was made to the Secretary of the Treasury to advance the quarter-vearly interest which had accrued on the Ist of October. To this application the Secretary, Mr. Richardson, gave due attention, and expressed his willingness to grant the favor provided it could be done in accordance with law. It was, however, decided by the comptroller that the inter- est could only be paid semi-annually, as prescribed by the act organiz- ing the Institution.
8 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Disappointed in obtaining relief from this source, an appeal was made to Mr. G. W. Riggs to advance what might be required to pay the neces- sary expenses of the establishment during the remainder of the year. This he promptly consented to do at a time when loans of money could scarcely be obtained unless at the most exorbitant rates; and this, too, without charge for interest. Such liberality could scarcely have been expected, especially after the deposits had previously been withdrawn from Mr. Riggs on the plea of greater security.
To relieve the Board of Regents and the secretary in future from all anxiety as to the safety of the semi-annual interest, I would advise that hereafter it be placed in charge of the Treasurer of the United States. T am informed that he is authorized to receive on deposit, from officers of the Army and Navy, money which has been appropriated by Congress to special objects, and as the Smithson income is the proceeds of a sacred trust committed to the Government of the United States, the same priv- ilege should be, and I doubt not would be, extended to it.
The Smithson fund since the war has been much diminished in effi- ciency by the inflation of the currency, and the consequent high price of labor and materials. It is true that the Government pays the Institu- tion in gold, but the premium on this is by no means an equivalent for the diminution of purchasing power of the money received: since paper has been substituted as a legal tender, gold itself has become an article of commerce, the price of which depends on the supply and demand. While the premium on gold is, say, ten per cent., the difier- ence of prices due to inflation is, in many cases, ahundred per cent. In addition to the effect of the diminution of the value of the Smithson fund by the inflation of the Government currency, is that of the gradnat inflation of the currency of the world by the products of the mines of California and Australia. It is estimated that this, during the last twenty-five years, has made a difference in prices throughout Hurope and this country equivalent to twenty per cent.
Yo keep up, therefore, the efficiency of the Smithson fund in the way of producing new results in intellectual labor, it was necessary that ad- ditions should be made to it; and from the following financial exhibit, and those which have been shown in preceding reports, it 1s evident that this consideration has received proper attention.
The following is a statement of the condition of the funds at the end of 1873 or the beginning of 1874: The amount originally received as the bequest of James
Smithson, of England, deposited in the Treasury of the
United States, in accordance with the act of Congress of
SUACUS US ROK ESAO. cs ir cer tee Be ean ria eastern emt cee! $515, 169 00
The residuary legacy of Smithson, received in 1865, de-
posited in the Treasury of the United States, in accord-
ance with the act of Congress of February 8, 1867..-.... 26, 210 63
Total bequest of Smithson 22.22.02. 0000. 541, 379 63
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. g)
Amount deposited in the Treasury of the United States, as authorized by act of Congress of February 8, 1867, derived from savings of income and increase in value of TMVEStMIeN ES! BAGH! WA Wa 8 VOB OS OT aOR ren VLE ere $108, 620 37
Total permanent Smithson fund in the Treasury of the United States, bearing interest at 6 per cent., payable semi-annually in gold.-.....--...--...- 650, 000 00 In addition to the above. there remains of the extra fund from savings, &c., in Virginia bonds and certificates, viz: Consolidated bonds, $58,700; deferred certificates, $29,305.07—now valued at .....-........------ 2-22. 33, 000 00 Cash balance in United States Treasury at the beginning of the year 1874, as a special deposit for current expenses. 12, 226 68 Amount due from First National Bank, $5, 757.41, (pres- ent value unknown.)
Total Smithson funds January, 1874......... eo 695, 226 68 PUBLICATIONS.
Since the reports of the Institution are separately distributed to indi- viduals who have not immediate access to the whole series, it is neces- sary in each to repeat certain facts which may serve to give an inde- pendent idea of the general organization of theestablishment. For this purpose the following statement is repeated in regard to the publications:
The publications of the Institution are of three classes—the Contribu- tions to Knowledge, the Miscellaneous Collections, and the Annual Reports. The first consist of memoirs containing positive additions to science resting on original research, and which are generally the result of investigations to which the Institution has in some way rendered assistance. The miscellaneous collections are composed of works in- tended to facilitate the study of branches of natural history, meteor- ology, &c., and are designed especially to induce individuals to engage in studies as specialties. The annual reports, beside an account of the “Operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution, contain trans- lations from works not generally accessible to American students, re- ports of lectures, extracts from correspondence, ete.
The following are the rules which have been adopted for the distribu- tion of the publications of the Smithsonian Institution :
Ist. To learned societies of the first class which present complete series of their publications to the Institution.
2d. To libraries of the first class which give in exchange their cata- logues and other publications, or an equivalent from their duplicate volumes.
3d. To colleges of the first class which furnish meteorological ob- servations, catalogues of their libraries and of their students, and all other publications relative to their organization and history.
10 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
4th. To States and Territories, provided they give in return copies of all documents published under their authority.
5th. To public libraries in this country, not included in any of the foregoing classes, containing 15,000 volumes, especially if no other copies are given in the same place, and to smaller libraries where a large district would be otherwise unsupplied.
6th. To institutions devoted exclusively to the promotion of particular branches of knowledge are given such Smithsonian publications as relate to their respective objects.
7th. The reports are presented to the metecrological observers, to con- tributors of valuable material to the library or collections, and to per- sons engaged in special scientific research.
The distribution of the publications of the Institution is a matter which requires much care and_a judicious selection, the great object being to make known to the world the truths which may result from the expenditure of the Smithson fund. For this purpose the principal class of publications, namely, the Contributions, must be so distributed as to be accessible to the greatest number of readers, and this will evi- dently be to principal libraries.
The volumes of Contributions are presented to institutions on the ex- press condition that, while they are carefully preserved, they shall be accessible at all times to students and others who may desire to consult them. These works, it must be recollected, are not of a popular char- acter, but require profound study to fully understand them; they are, however, of immense importance to the teacher and the popular ex- pounder of science. They contain materials from which general treat- ises on special subjects are elaborated.
Full sets of the publications cannot be given to all who apply for them, since this isimpossible with the limited income of the Institution; and, indeed, if care be not exercised in the distribution, so large a portion of the income will be annually expended on the production of copies for distribution of what has already been published that nothing further can be done in the way of new publications. It must be recollected that every addition to the list of distribution not only involves the giving of the publications which have already been made, but also of those which are to be made hereafter.
At the commencement of the operations of the Institution the publi- cations were not stereotyped, and consequently the earlier volumes have new become scarce, especially the first, of which there are no copies fer distribution, although it can occasionally be obtained at a second-hand book-stall in one of the larger cities.
No copyright has ever been secured on any of the publications of the Institution. They are left free to be used by compilers of books, without any restrictions except that full credit shall be given to the name of Smithson for.any extracts which may be made from them.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 11
This condition is especially insisted on, because the credit thus required is an important evidence to the world of the proper management of the Smithson fund.
Publications in 1873.—During the past year the eighteenth volume of the quarto series of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge has been published. The several parts of this volume have been described in previous reports. It contains the following papers:
I. Tables and results of the precipitation in rain and snow in the United States, and at some stations in adjacent parts of North America, and in Central and South America. Collected by the Smithsonian Insti- tution, and discussed under direction of Joseph Henry, Secretary. By Charles A. Schott, 4to., pp. 178, eight diagrams, five plates and three charts.
II. Memoir on the secular variations of the elements of the orbits of the eight principal planets, Mercury, Venus, the Harth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, with tables of the same. Together with the obliquity of the ecliptic, and the precession of the equinoxes in both longitude and right ascension.. By John N. Stockwell, M. A., 4to., pp. 214,
III. Observations on terrestrial magnetism and on the deviations of the compasses of the United States iron-clad Monadnock during her cruise from Philadelphia to San Francisco, in 1865 and 1866. By Wm. Harkness, M. D., 4to., pp. 225, with two diagrams.
IV. Converging series expressing the ratio between the diameter and the circumference of a circle. By William Ferrel, 4to., pp. 6.
This volume consists of 643 pages, and is illustrated by five plates, three large double charts, and numerous diagrams. ‘The distribution of this volume to foreign societies has been nearly completed. As in the case of the preceding volumes, it will tend to perpetuate the name of Smith- son conspicuously in the records of the history of science, and will thus form a more befitting monument to his memory than one of marble or of bronze.
_ One of the memoirs accepted for future publication in the Contributions is on the Lucernaria, by Professor Henry J. Clark. This memoir relates to a class of animals which are more or less octagonal, bell-shaped, or rather inverted umbrella-like, with tentacles clustered in groups at the eight angles. They were in former times regarded as a group of the polyps, that is, related to the sea-anemones, but in more recent times have been associated with the Acalephs or sea-nettles and jelly-fishes, and either combined with one of the more comprehensive orders, or regarded as the representatives of a peculiar one. Such is the group which has been the subject of Professor Clark’s latest studies, and which is con- sidered by him as entitled to ordinal rank in the class of Acalephs.
His work is divided into two parts; the first devoted to the “ general and comparative morphology,” and the second restricted to the “anatomy
YP REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
and physiology of haliclystus auricula.” In the first part are three chapters; the first on “individuality,” in which are considered the questions re- lating to “polarity and polycephalism” and “the hydroid and medusoid cephalisms.” In the second the thesis that ‘the type of form is not ra- diate” is defended, and the form is described as ‘‘the dorso-ventrally repetitive type.” The third chapter is devoted to the consideration of ‘‘antero-posterior (cephalo-caudal) repetition,” and under the heads of “the scyphostoma and ephyra varieties of the same morph” and “the individuality of Pelagia and Lucernaric.”
In the second part are four chapters, the third to seventh of the en- tire work. In the first (third of the work) are described the “ general form and structure,” including habitat, habits, form, and size, the pro- boscis, the umbella, and the peduncle. In the second is considered the “‘ oreanography, including the walls,” ‘the muscular system,” “the tenta- cles, the marginal adhesive bodies, or collecystophora,” “the caudal ad- herent disc,” ‘the digitiform bodies, or digitali,” ‘the digestive system,” “the nervous system,” and ‘the reproductive system.”
In a third are embraced the results of studies of the “embryology,” or various stages of growth of the species, including observations on ‘‘the egg and the spermatozoa ;” on ‘a young haliclystus auricula, nearly one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter;” on ‘a specimen three thirty- seconds of an inch across the umbella;” on “a young specimen one-eighth of an inch across;” on the “special development of a tentacle, a colleto- cystophore, and a genital sac;” on the ‘‘young one-fifth of an inch across;” and on the “young six twenty-fifths of an inch across.”
In a fourth chapter the tissues are considered in a “histology of hali- clystus auricula” and in the several parts of the body—that is, ‘the um- bellar and peduneular walls;” “histology of the tentacles;” “histology of the collectocystophores,” (anchors;) “histology of the caudal disc;” and “histology of the digitali” and “the prehensile cysts,” (nematocysts and colletocysts.)
This enumeration of the chapters and their sections will furnish to the naturalist an adequate idea of the mode of treatment of the subject as well as of the different organs and parts represented in the animals. Tt will suffice to add that the several parts are treated of in great detail, and are illustrated in eleven quarto plates from drawings by the author.
The plates for this memoir are in the process of being engraved, and the work will be published as soon as the funds of the Institution will permit. We have to regret, since the work was adopted by the Institu- tion, that the author has been called from this life in the flower of his age and the promise of many days of successful devotion to science.
The next memoir accepted for publication, and which will probably form the whole of the twentieth volume of the Contributions to Knowledge, is by Joseph Jones, M. D., professor of chemistry and clinical medicine in the University of Louisiana. It gives the results of a very extended in-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 13
vestigation of the military, religious, monumental, and organic remains of the ancient inhabitants of Tennessee. An appropriation was made to assist Dr. Jones in an exploration of these ancient remains, and to this work he has devoted an immense amount of labor. The results are presented in a volume which, after considerable abridgment, still con- | sists of over 600 folio manuscript pages, requiring about two hundred
wood-cuts and a number of plates for its illustration. The work was
submitted to Dr. Otis, of the Army Medical Museum, who has given
special attention to the subject of ethnology, and on his approval it has_ been accepted for publication. We think it is a valuable addition to
our knowledge of the ancient races which have inhabited this continent,
and well worthy of a place in the Smithsonian series of Contributions.
The following extract is made from the preface by the author :
“The explorations and researches were commenced in the early part of 1868, and continued to the close of 1869. In the entire investigation, and in presenting an outline of the explorations and researches, I have endeavored to accomplish two results, viz: the accurate description of the aboriginal remains, and the collection of facts which bear in any manner upon the obscure history of the ancient inhabitants of this region. With the limited means at my command, and with numerous pressing professional duties and cares, I was unable to carry forward the explorations upon the scale which their importance appeared to demand, but it is earnestly hoped that these investigations, however imperfect, will be found an addition to knowledge which may serve as a point of departure for future explorers in this interesting field. They will not be without practical result if they should serve to form a basis for the comparison of the crania and works of art of the races of the stone-age of Tennessee and Kentucky with those of other parts of our country and of foreign climes.”
The following is a brief abstract of the contents of the work:
Chapter I1.—Inquiries regarding the name and history of the ancient race which inhabited in past ages the fertile valleys of Tennessee and Kentucky, cailed by early explorers the Chaéuanins.
_ Chapter 11.—Ancient cemeteries. The so-called “mummies” discov- ered in caves. Mode of burial practiced. Stone graves. Inquiry into burial customs of the Indians.
Chapter 111.—Mounds, fortifications, and earth-works.
Chapter 1V.—Sites of aboriginal towns or encampments surrounded by earth-works. Description of contents of mounds. Indian traditions. Relations of early explorers and missionaries to the aborigines.
Chapter V.—Works of art, religious relics, sculptures, paintings, im- plements, weapons, vases, culinary vessels, idols, shell ornaments.
Chapter VI.—Crania of the mound-builders—comparisons with those from Mexico, Europe, &c. Discussion of the causes which led to the rapid depopulation of the American continent after its discovery by Columbus. General conclusions.
14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Another paper intended for the Contributions is on the Haida Indians of Queen Charlotte’s Islands, by James G. Swan. These islands con- sist of a group in the Pacific Ocean, lying off the northwest coast of America, seventy-five miles northwest from Vancouver's Island, and at a distance from the main-land varying from sixty to a hundred miles. They are inhabited by a tribe of Indians who in manners and customs are somewhat different from the neighboring tribes on the main-land and from those of Vancouver’s Island. In general appearance they resemble the natives of the northwest coast of Asia. Their distinctive features are apparent to the most casual observer. They are as a gen- eral rule of large stature, with better proportions and lighter complexion than the Selish tribe of Flatheads, inhabiting Washington Territory and British Columbia. This difference is particularly marked among the females. Those of the Haida tribe are tall and athletic, while the Selish women are shorter, with a greater tendency to corpulency. These people are especially distinguished for their carvings in stone and wood, and also for their tattooing.
The memoir is illustrated with drawings of specimens of these carvings, some of which are colored, and also with samples of tattooing, the lat- ter copied by photography from the bodies of the Indians themselves. Some of the carvings. represent posts or pillars placed in front of the houses of the chiefs, and are sometimes from 40 to 50 feet high. They are not intended as objects of worship, but as representations of the “‘toten ” or heraldic insignia of the family occupying the house before which they are erected. As the house generally contains several fami- lies, the carving may be said to indicate the family names of all the occu- pants. It is important to state that these carvings have a general like- ness to those found in Central America.
The paper will be an interesting addition to ethnology, as affording data for the comparison of the imitative art among the present and ex- tinct races along the Pacific coast of America. It is by the author of the work on the Makah Indians, of Cape Flattery, published not long since by the Smithsonian Institution.
Besides the eighteenth volume of Contributions to Knowledge, the tenth volume of Miscellaneous Collections has been published. It con- sists of 913 octavo pages, and contains the following articles :
I. The Mollusks of Western North America; by Philip P. Carpenter, B. A., Ph. D., embracing the second report made to the British Associa- tion on this subject, with other papers; reprinted by permission, with a general index ; pp. 446.
If. Arrangement of the families of Mollusks; prepared for the Smith- sonian Institution by Theodore Gill, M. D., Ph. D., pp. 65.
IIL. Instructions for observations of thunder-storms, by Prof. Joseph Henry, p. 1.
IV. Circular relative to heights; by Prof. Joseph Henry, pp. 2.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15
V. Directions for constructing lightning-rods; by Prof. Joseph Henry, pp. 3.
VI. Queries relative to tornadoes; by Prof. Joseph Henry, pp. 4.
VII. Questions relative to the food-fishes of the United States; by Prof. S. F. Baird, pp. 7.
Vill. Memoranda of inquiry relative to the food-fishes of the United States; by Prof. S. F. Baird, pp. 5.
IX. List of the institutions, libraries, colleges, and other establish- ments in the United States in correspondence with the Smithsonian In- stitution, pp. 259.
X. List of Foreign Correspondents of the Smithsonian Institution, corrected to January, 1872, (fourth edition,) pp. 96.
XI. Check-List of Publications of the Smithsonian Institution, pp. 22.
The first article in this volume having not previously been described, the following account of it will here be properly in place. Itis one of theseries published by the Institution for facilitating the study of certain branches of she natural history of North America. It may be recollected that Mr. Philip P. Carpenter, a distinguished conchologist of England, when visiting the United States in 185960, was engaged by the Institution to arrange and name the shells collected by the United States exploring expedition and those collected by other parties on the Pacific coast of North America. Mr. Carpenter had previously presented to the British Association a report on the Mollusks of the west coast of North America. On his return to England he made, to the same society, a supplementary report on this subject, embracing materials principally derived from the Smithsonian Institution. In order to facilitate the study of this class of animals by the American student, the reports in question and other materials have been reprinted from the stereotype plates of the British Association, kindly furnished the Institution for this purpose.
The propriety of this publication by the Smithson fund will be evi- dent when it is Stated that the materials on which it is founded are chiefly in the collection of the National Museum, under the charge of the Institution, and the report of the British Association forms a series of _volumes which cannot be purchased separately, and are therefore inac- cessible to the working naturalists of this country, to whom the work is. more especially important.
“The principal object in preparing the works,” says Mr. Carpenter, ‘is to collect and compare the writings of previous naturalists, se that it might be possible for students to commence where I leave off without being obliged to waste so large an amount of time as I have been. compelled to do in analyzing the works of their predecessors.” To render this work more useful an index has been prepared at the expense of the: Institution, which, besides its importance to the general student of con- chology, will be of special advantage to those who desire to study the specimens in the national museum. This work will be a valuable addi:
16 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
tion to the literature of zoology, and will fill a void in the descriptive history of the mollusca of this country. One of its chief merits is that in it are collected together from many sources notices of the labors of all previous investigators, and in many cases extracts of all that is im- portant from their works. How much the publication of such mono- graphs has tended to the advancement and acceleration of our knowledge of any group, the past history of zoology amply shows.
Another article in this volume not previously described is that drawn up by Professor Baird relative to inquiries as to the food-fishes of the United States. It has been used by him in his capacity of United States fish commissioner, but will be useful for reference to all who may be in- terested in this subject. The questions relate to the names, distribution, abundance, size, migration, relationship, food, reproduction, culture, protection, disease, capture, and value of fishes.
The circular on lightning-rods was prepared to save time in answering the frequent inquiries as to the best means of protection from lightning. On this subject it is proper to remark that the country is overrun with patented inventions for alleged improvements in lightning conductors. Most of these are founded on misconceptions of established principles of electricity, and although they may in most eases, if properly connected with the earth, serve to conduct a discharge which would otherwise be attended by serious consequences, harmlessly to the ground, yet they do not possess the character as to improvements which is claimed for them by their vendors.
The instructions for observations on thunder-storms originated in the desire to obtain special information as to the origin, direction of move- ment, and other facts relative to these interesting meteors, which are intimately connected with tornadoes. The latter phenomenon occurs, perhaps, more frequently in the United States than in any other country, and from the devastatious which attend its progress over the surface of the earth, it becomes an object worthy of attention of the public gener- ally as well as the professed meteorologist.
Another publication forming a portion of the Miscellaneous Collections is the third and completing part of a series of monographs of the Diptera, or two-winged insects, of North America, by Baron Osten Sacken, late of the Russian legation, and Dr. H. Loew, of Prussia. The first part was published in 1862, and included the families of Trypetide, Sciomyzide, Bphydrinide, and Cecidomyide. The second part appeared in 1866, and consists principally of a monograph of the Dolichopodida. The fourth part was issued in 1869, and embraces a monograph of part of the Tipulidae. The third part, or that in question, includes the families of the Ortalide and Trypetine. In variety of forms, says the author, the family of Orta- lide is scarcely surpassed by any other Diptera; at the same time it is hardly equaled by any in the structural differences occurring among the
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. mid
individuals. Hence, it may be considered as one of the most interesting families of the order. Nevertheless, but little has been done as yet for the exact definition of its limits nor for its subdivision into smaller eroups. It was, therefore, impossible to attempt a satisfactory descrip- tion of the North American species of the Ortalide without first settling the question of the true limits of the family, of the relationship of it to other families, and of the character upon which it is established. This preliminary work the author thinks he has successfully accomplished, and presents his reasons for this in an introductory chapter, in which is. reviewed what has previously been done on this point.
The Trypetide given in this part of the general work may be con- sidered as a supplement to that published on the same family in the first part of the series. This supplement has been rendered necessary by the number of species of the family which have been found since the date above mentioned. At that period only twenty-three North American species were known. Since then the number has reached sixty-one, be- sides a number of species of previous authors of which information has. since been procured. The author has, therefore, adopted the form of a. supplement to his previous paper.
The following remarks in regard to the series, are by Baron Osten Sacken :
‘¢ As this will probably be the last volume of the present series of the publication of which I have the care, a few words with regard to the use: and aim of these volumes may not be out of place here. ‘The diptera,, from the minuteness of their size and the extreme delicacy of the charac-. ters upon which their classification is based, are without any doubt the: most difficult to study of all the ordersofinsects. Tothe general difficulty of the subject, the North American diptera add another one in their analo-- gies with the European fauna on the one side and the South American on the other. At the same time the dipterological literature in the Eng-- lish language is not a rich one. The only eminent Hnglish dipterist, Mr. Haliday, published so little that his superiority was known to his cor- respondents much more than to the public in general. Other English publications which exist are utterly insufficient for any scientific pur- pose, and more apt to mislead than to teach. Now the volumes of the Monographs, although they embrace but an inconsiderable fraction of the whole dipterous fauna of this continent, show at least how the sub-. ject has to be treated, how descriptions are to be drawn, what charac-- ters have to be noted, what analogies with the European and South: American fauna occur, and with what care they have to be studied in order to distinguish analogy from identity. Moreover, three of those: four volumes are the work of the first dipterologist now living, who, after Meigen, may be considered as the founder of scientific dipterology. For all these reasons, I hope that the labor and expense bestowed upon these publications will, after a time, bring its fruit, although it may not
be immediately.” 28
18 i REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Another article intended for the Miscellaneous Collections is a synop. sis of American vespide, or wasps, by Professor De Saussure, of Geneva, translated from the original manuscript by Mr. Edward Norton, of Farmington, Conn. This work was commenced a number of years ago, but owing to the absence of Mr. Norton from the country and other causes of delay, it was suspended and has only been resume during the last year. It will now be completed as rapidly as the cor rected proof-sheets can be received from Switzerland. The character of the work is given in the following extract from the introduction, which also contains suggestions as to the philosophy of points of natu- ral history well worth the attention of the general students of this branch of science :
‘¢T propose in this volume not to give a general history of the wasps of America, but only to lay the foundations of the fauna of the vespide, principally of North America. I leave aside whatever con- cerns the habits of these insects, on which we have but insufficient in- formation, and shall confine myself to speaking of them with respect to the genera or species which shall offer me some salient peculiarities. This work is not to be taken for a mere catalogue of species, of no fur- ther use than to satisfy curiosity. I think that modern zoology ought to tend toward another aim. The existence of species, the composition of fauna, their relations with the parts of the globe which they inhabit, are not merely accidental facts. In my opinion we must therein detect the last material and tangible manifestation of physiological forces, the study of which belongs tothe domain of the highest natural philosophy. By him who adopts this view of the subject a far-searching study of species ought to be considered as one of the bases from which the search after the origin of species may start.
“It would seem that in zoology we ought to take for a starting point the actual existing forms in which life manifests itself, to ascend thence up to the primitive stock, just as in geology we start from the actual existing structure of rocks, and from the external configura- tion of the soil follow up the concatenation of the ancient events which have brought about as a last result the present state of the earth’s crust.
‘‘The study of species ought especially to serve as a means of reveal- ing to us their variations and the affinities between them. These affini- ties point to a common relationship which is to be explained only by a direct filiation of the types. The study of forms, combined with that of their geographical distribution, comes afterward to throw light on the cause of the filiation which the graduated resemblances of the species seem to reveal tous. It shows that this filiation obeys laws which have also their regularity in so far as they are intimately connected with the physical laws which hold sway in every region of our globe.
“Toward these grand philosophical questions zoology ought in our time to tend, and species ought to be studied with a view to the solu- tion of such questions. As in geology the study of the actual existing
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19
state of the earth’s crust and the appreciation of the phenomena that there take place, of the intimate transformation of rocks, of the mechanical destruction of the layers, of their reconstruction under new forms, allows us to draw an inference by analogy as to the more ancient transformations and the agents which have produced them; so the study of species and of their actual existing transformations seems likely to enable us to follow up the chain of these transformations to a point more or less close to their origin. The definition of the first di- vergences observable in the permanent varieties, which may be consid- ered as nascent species, in order to ascend afterward to the relation- ship of species separated by the divergences more and more profound, such is, we deem, the point of view under which we should never neglect to study species.
“Zoology only when considered from this point of view is philo- sophical. It has not its aim in itself; it serves only as a means to sift questions of a higher order. Now, entomology is precisely the one of the branches of zoology in which the study of the filiation of species may become the most fecund in results, either on account of the multi- tude of ramifications of general types and of the multiplicity of forms under which each type appears, or on account of the smaliness of the breaks which separate genera and species, or also on account of the immense variety of forms and of the facility with which species seem to become modified in proportion as they spread over the surface of the globe in following diverging ways. Thanks to all these causes, it is not difficult to find examples of every kind of filiation; not difficult, either, to follow over latitudes certain modifications still recent which allow us to draw an inference by analogy as to other modifications more profound because they are more ancient, and as to others of a degree still more advanced. .
‘¢ Unfortunately in our times the greater number of entomologists have deviated too far from this philosophical path. They have turned ento- mology into a sort of amusement, which has for its object the discovery of new species; which loses itself in minutiz, and at the bottom: of which there exists no thought. Thanks to this tendency, collecting has ceased to be the means, and has become the object. In becoming an amusement entomology has gradually lost caste; it has fallen into the hands of dawdlers, and thus lost a part of its scientific character. This transformation has led men who aim at reaching an elevated rank in science to be too much inclined to withdraw from the field of entomology.
‘As may be anticipated from what precedes, my intimate purpose in producing this work is to study the American fauna with a view to its origin. But this is a work of time which cannot be completed off-hand. The first thing to be done is to study carefully the species, to arrange them according to a good classification, and to describe, while proceed- ing, their affinities. That is the fundamental preparatory labor. 1 have not the pretension to overstep those limits in this monograph.
20 REPORT OF TUE SECRETARY.
The knowledge of the American fauna is, not yet advanced enough to _ allow us to draw with certainty an inference as to the affinities of the species between them so as to prejudge their filiation. However, I have made more than one remark on this topie, and I will hazard a few words on the matter when speaking of genera and species. But I re- serve for another work the statement of comparisons which seem to me ~ to cast some light-on the dispersion of the vespide on the surface of the globe and on the modifications which have been worked off under diverse latitudes; in other terms, on the origin of actual existing faune.
“The complex affinities of species, and still more the filiations which arise from these affinities, become obvious to the eye only when one has acquired a perfect knowledge of the species and genera of a fauna. To seize them in all their extent, it is necessary to know, as it were, all the species of the group by heart in order to be able to take it in at a glance, or to examine at pleasure each part in the picture that one has formed in one’s memory. Only when one has attained this point in the study of the group is it possible from the inspection of a species to feel its affinities, for they do not always appear in the more easily appreci- able characteristics. They often discover themselves in certain charac- teristics of appearance which are, at times, of great importance, but which are not seized at a glance, or in certain relationships of form, which a long practice teaches one to distinguish easily, though they can searcely be defined.
‘The first basis of philosophical zoology is the profound knowledge of the detail of faune. To give an idea as complete as possible of the faunze of the VESPID.a of America is the purpose of this volume.
“The plan which I have decided on, in drawing up this work, is the following:
““T give as far as possible the complete deseription of the species which belong to the fauna of North America, considering as such all those which people the new continent to the north of the Isthmus of Panama, including likewise the Antilles. This work is, therefore, more especially a monograph of the vespidee of the United States, of Mexico, and of the Antilles. Besides, I have added, as a complement, the catia- logue of all the species known till now in the rest of America, and I have found ita great advantage for the classification, the method becom- ing thus more complete. Moreover, this plan allows me to enunciate views on the geography of insects, on the dispersion of the species, and on the modifications which take place under the influence of diverse latitudes.
‘“T have confined myself, for the species of South America, to making a.catalogue of them, not having materials sufficient for a monograph. For those, however, of which I had the types under my eyes, I have given Latin diagnoses, in order to present them in a comparative manner with respect to the surrounding species and also to complete
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 21
my previous studies of these insects, as well as to resume them and render their use more easy.
“T think myself bound to add here that as to my method of descrip- tion, I describe as much as possible the species in a relative manner. Descriptions made in an absolute sense have always appeared to me less useful, because they insist on many useless eharacteristics and omit often the most important. The reader will not, therefore, he surprised at my not repeating, with respect to genera, the characteristics proper to every species or to the greatest number. In short, there are still other characteristics which I pass over, considering them rather useless, either on account of their constancy (such as the presence of silky hairs on the tibiz) or on account of their variableness, such as the color of the lower surface of the abdomen.
“¢ Descriptions are often made tedious by means of these superfluous indications and thus the essential characteristics are drowned in useless developments. In this way, precision is impaired instead of being inereased. Doubtless, here again nothing is absolute. Certain isolated species may be sufficiently characterized by some salient traits, while others, surrounded by very closely connected species, require minute descriptions.
‘Absolute and very detailed descriptions ought, in my opinion, to be employed when one describes a species isolatedly without knowing the most closely connected types, (for instance in the publications of geo- graphical expeditions.) It is the monographer’s duty to eliminate from these descriptions both the common-place and the useless. But in a monograph, the species are to be examined in a comparative manner and relatively to the adjacent types.
“ The first condition of good comparative diagnoses resides in a wise co-ordination of the species which by way of exclusion may lead to choosing only between a small number of species. Though I do not like to find fault, I cannot, however, on this score, help complaining of. the works in which the species, though described in an absolute manner, (that is by themselves and not comparatively with others,) are jumbled up together, without order, without division of genera, often in defiance ot the most salient characteristics.
‘¢ Such works, got up ina hurry, the plansof which are laid down with a view to the convenience of the authors and not for that of the readers, cause the latter to lose much valuable time with no great result. They do not come up to the precision now required by the progress of science, and they are, therefore, behind their time. The reader cannot occupy bis mind with incomplete works, nor can he waste his time in striving to find out species which are not to be found out; for there is no doing im possibilities. 4
“Tn most of my descriptions I have been especially attentive to the= forms and characteristics of the form and marking, attributing to the” color only a secondary importance, on account of its frequent variable-
DD, REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
ness. However, there is nothing absolutely fixed in nature; the forms aud the marking, likewise, vary within certain limits. Therefore, the descriptions can only be averages deduced from a certain number of individuals.
‘“ Theoretically, the description ought to represent, as it were, the alge- braical formula of the species or its ideal type. It is not required that the description should tally with the individual, but, on the contrary, that it should represent the average of the characteristics of the en- semble of individuals. But in practice the description can never be so perfect, since it is drawn from a certain number of individuals and not from the ensembleof theindividualsthat represent the species. It is for the reader to know how to seize the connection that exists between the description and the even heterogeneous individuals which he may have beneath his eye. In a word, my method of description aims above all at generalizing, and requires that the reader should generalize likewise. It cannot suit much the amateur inclined to lose himself in a multi- plicity of details, for whom the collection takes the place of nature, and for whom the determination of an individual is the final purpose of the study of a species.
‘“‘Hrom the principles just laid down it follows that, in the extreme subdivisions of genera, | have usually preferred the characteristics taken from the form to those taken from the color. Undoubtedly it is less convenientfor the reader, for the natural method is always less easy to follow than the empirical system ; nevertheless I think that it is pret- erable to proceed in that wise, for whatever may be done to seek the natural method a large portion of empiricism is sure to remain,as I shall endeavor to show, in the study concerning the filiation of the species. We cannot, therefore, eliminate too carefully from classification, empiri- cal elements.
‘¢ Tt is necessary to observe on this head that no absolute rule can be laid down as to the insubordination of characteristics. To be sure, forms varying less than colors, they offer, in general, characteristics more important than the latter; but there is, however, now and then a case in which the colors are more fixed than certain forms, and assume a real importance; for instance, as being the stamp peculiar to a certain geographical zone. Thus, the division Hypodynerus, (genus Odynerus,) which depends greatly on the colors and facies, and which comprises the most divergent forms. In this case the livery becomes the casket of a fauna, and is very important. In the succession of species it is gener- ally observed that the colors vary much even when the forms remain fixed (or vary less;) but there are other cases in which it is color that remains stationary while the forms vary.”
In the Smithsonian report for 1858, a paper was published on the method of collecting and preserving isects, prepared by Baron Osten Sacken, of the Russian legation, with contributions by other eminent entomologists, which has rendered valuable serviee in the way of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 3,
awakening an interest in entomology, and in facilitating the collecting of specimens. It was, however, not stereotyped; and as the methods of gathering and preserving insects have been much improved since the date of its preparation, it has been thought advisable to request Dr. A. S. Packard, jr., a leading authority on entomology, to furnish a new treatise on the same subject. In compliance with this request he has prepared a work corresponding with the present state of our knowledge. This work was published during the past year, and forms an octavo pamphlet of58 pages, with 55 illustrations.
Two other articles, which will form parts of the eleventh volume of the Miscellaneous Collections, and will constitute a part of the series for facilitating the study of certain branches of natural history, are a continuation of works previously prepared by Dr. John Le Conte, of Philadelphia, on the North American Coleoptera, and published by the Institution. One of these consists of a description of new species of coleoptera, described since the publication of the first work on the same subject, and the other a supplement of the ‘‘Classification of the coleoptera of North America.” The object of these works, as far as they relate to the genera of coleoptera, is to enable those who have a desire beyond that of merely collecting specimens to acquire sufficient infor- mation to enable them to consult with profit the various works in which are contained the descriptions of the species. The parts now printed comprise one hundred and forty pages, and will be followed by other supplements, descriptive of such other species as may be obtained from Smithsonian collaborators and other sources.
In the report for 1856, is given a plan by the late Mr. Charles Babbage, of London, of a series of tables to be entitled the ‘“‘ Constants of Nature and Art.” These tables were to contain all the facts which can be ex- pressed by numbers, in the various sciences and arts, such as the atomic weight of bodies, specific gravity, elasticity, specific heat, conducting power, melting point, weight of different gases, liquids, and solids, strength of different materials, velocity of sound, of cannon-balls, of elec- tricity, of light, of flight of birds and speed of animals, list of refractive indices, dispersive indices, polarizing angles, &e.
The value of such a work, as an aid to original investigation, as well as in the application of science to the useful arts, can scarcely be esti- mated. ‘To carry out the idea fully, however, would require much labor and perhaps the united effort of different institutions and individuals, devoted to special lines of research. Any part of the entire plan, may, however, be completed in itself, and will have a proportionate value to. that of the whole. The Institution commenced about fifteen years ago. to collect materials on several of the points of this general plan, under the direction of Professors John and Joseph Le Conte, then of the Uni-
24 ' REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
versity of South Carolina, now of the University of California. The occurrence of the war, however, interrupted the work, which has not Since been resumed until the present year, when an offer was made by Professor F. W. Clarke, of Boston, of a series of tables on specific gravi- ties, botling-points, and melting-points of bodies, compiled from the best authorities. This offer was accepted, and the work has been printed. It embraces all the reliable material in the English, French, German, and Italian languages on the foregoing subjects, with the exception of the Specific gravity of solutions, for which reference is made to Storer’s Dictionary of Solubilities, a work which will form part of the same gen- eral plan and ought to have been published by the Institution, but un- fortunately at the time it was offered for this purpose our funds were not in a condition to defray the expense of printing. It has since been pub- lished as a private enterprise, and is highly prized by the working chemist.
Professor Clarke is still engaged on the same coma subject, and proposes to extend his compilation of tables to include those of specific heat, conductivity of heat, thermal expansibility, and thermo-chemical equations for solids and liquids. This, beginning we trust will induce other members of the corps of the Smithsonian collaborators to under- take other parts of the general plan of the constants of nature and art, to be published, from time to time, as they may be prepared. The work being stereotyped, the several parts can be finally combined and arranged as portions of a whole, whatever may be the order of their publication.
Among the ‘“‘ miscellaneous” publications during the year was the first lecture of the course founded by Dr. J. M. Toner, of Washington, by Dr. J. J. Woodward, assistant surgeon, United States Army, ‘“ On the structure of cancerous tumors, and the mode in which adjacent parts are invaded.” In the report for 1872 an account was given of this fund established by Dr. Toner, the interest to be applied for at least two lec- tures or essays annually, relative to some branch of medical science, and containing some new truth fully established by experiment or obser- vation. As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowledge, they have been accepted for publication in the ‘¢‘Smithsonian Miscella- neous Collections.”
It was stated in the last report that Congress had adjourned without ordering extra copies of the report for 1871. At the beginning of the next session, however, a resolution was adopted directing the printing, as usual, of 12,500 copies. An equal number of the report for 1872 was also ordered at the same session; 2,500 for the use of the Senate, 5,000 for the House of Representatives, and 5,000 for the Institution. This volume contains, besides the report of the secretary on the opera- tions:of the Institution for the year 1872, the report of the executive committee and journal of proceedings of the Board of Regents, the usuat
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 25
appendix of scientific papers, communications, translations, &e., of special interest to the meteorological observers, teachers, and scientific correspondents of the Institution.
Among these articles is a lecture by Prof. A. P. Peabody, on the scientific education of mechanics and artisans; aboriginal trade and North American stone implements, by Chas. Rau; optical mineralogy, by Brezina; the troglodytes of the Vézére, by Paul de Broca; organic bases, by Bauer; boundary of geology and history, by Suess; phe- nomena observed in telegraphic lines, by Donati; nitrogen. and its compounds, by Kletzinski; biographical notice of Lartet, by Fischer ; eulogy on’ Ampére, by Arago; lecture on the meteorology of Russia, by Dr. Woeikof, and a large number of original communications rela- tive to antiquities in various parts of the United States, &c. In this volume may also be found a full account of the Bache bequest, the ‘Tyndall trust-fund for the advance of science, the Coreoran art-gallery, the Toner foundation, and the Hamilton bequest.
EXCHANGES.
The system of international exchanges, which has now beeu in opera- tion for upward of twenty years, has been prosecuted during the last year with increased efficiency. It now includes 2,145 foreign institu- tions to which packages of books or specimens are sent and from which others are received. In the case of the system of exchanges, as in all the other operations of the Smithsonian establishment, the tendency is to an enlargement beyond the means at our command. Although, through the liberality of the several steamship companies, the packages are transmitted across the Atlantic free of cost, yet the expense of sending them to New York and from the sea-board to the centers of distribution in Kurope, together with the payment of the several agents, has become so great that a much further extension of the system cannot be made without aid from other sources. :
The system is, however, of so much importance, not only in rendering known what is done in the United States in the way of advancing liter- ature and science to the world abroad, but also in diffusing a knowledge extensively through this country of the progress of science in the various parts of the Old World, that any check in its natural increase would be greatly to be deplored. It has, therefore, been suggested that an appeal be made to the various parties most interested in the contin- uanee and enlargement of this system for a small annual contribution toward its future support and still more efficient management. Indeed, the benefit which the Institution is conferring, through this system, upon the parties most interested, appears in many cases to have ceased to be’ properly appreciated. They receive the advantages which flow from it” as a matter of course, as they do those of the free air, and not asa gratuity ”
onan REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
from the Smithson fund, the importance of which can only be properly appreciated by a deprivation of it for a short time. We infer this from the fact of the character of the complaints we frequently receive on ac- count of accidental delay in packages reaching their destination, al- though in some instances the delay may have been occasioned by a want of proper directions on the part of the senders of the packages.
The centers of reception and distribution of European exchanges still continue the same as given in previous reports, viz: London, Paris, Leipsic, Amsterdam, St. Petersburg, Milan, with the addition of one at Brussels. The agency at London has for many years been in charge of Mr. William Wesley, whose fidelity and unremitted attention to the trust entitle him to an appreciative acknowledgment of the Board of Regents, and the same may be said of Dr. Felix Fitigel, of Leipsic, and Mr. G. Bossange, of Paris. The center at St. Petersburg is under the charge of L. Watkins & Co., booksellers, and that at Amsterdam under Mr. red. Miller, who have efficiently contributed to the success of the enterprise in these countries. The center in Italy is under the charge of U. Heepli, as agent for the Royal Institute of Milan.
The expense of transportation is very much increased by sending single packages separately, and therefore, whenever possible, without undue delay, economy is consulted by transmitting the exchanges at regular periods in larger numbers. Arrangements have been made so that invoices of packages are forwarded from this country at least once a month, except in the months of August, September, and October.
The following table exhibits the number of establishments in each country with which the Smithsonian is at present in correspondence :
Sweden 1 NEN ee 25°) Burke yest ess Pi aeese/ eee 11 ENOLWay 7 fen tees eater ew tee Q37 A BriGae soe Sere ee eee 18 CUA Kee Me aN DOA Sia SOME LS re LOO 36 IOUS STA HR ORES se ate ay POT) CATS traligeer Sa Seer ee 26 Ebola? Pie Bae eo iY 65 | New Zealand .-...-2..---2 iL Germany sees Eee DSt | AP oOkymesiahs eects fees ee 1 Switverland os ool sey 68 | South America.....--..... 33 Belen Von Vee egal ws 197) Wiest’ Indies: oo. Ayes dell RMrance sees ee i Os BEE DOT NOx COM a craeic rs ete Semen 8 Neary see SO ELE 167 | Central America ........-- 1 POT EU Sal enn aed ets 21 | British Ameri¢a.-.-....-.- 27 SPAM) 2 ey A ee ds ee 12 | Generali eos e2. 6s eae 5 Great Britain and Ireland... 412
Greece! oo. seas 22k f Totals 22273'i. I aaa 2,145
As in previous years, the Institution has received important aid from various steamer and railroad lines in the way of free freights, without which the expense of carrying on the system would be far beyond the
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 27
means at command. Acknowledgment is again due for the liberality of the following companies :. ata
Pacific Mail Steamship Company, | Hamburg American Packet Com- Panama Railroad Company, pany, Fa Pacitic Steam Navigation Comp’ny, | French Transatlantic Company, New York and Mexico Steamship | North Baltic Lloyds Steamship
Company, _ Company, New York and Brazil Steamship | Inman Steamship Company, Company, Cunard Steamship Company,
North German Lloyds Steamship | Anchor Steamship Company. Company, ;
We present the foregoing list with much pleasure, not only as an acknowledgment of the liberality of the companies mentioned, but also as a very gratifying illustration of the high appreciation of the opera: tions of the Institution.
LIBRARY.
The union of the library of the Institution with that of Congress still continues to be productive of important results. The Smithson fund is relieved by this arrangement from the maintenance of a separate library, while at the same time the Institution has not only the free use of its own books, but also those of the library of Congress. On the other hand, the collection of books owned by Congress would not be worthy the name of a national library were it not for the Smithsonian deposit. The books which it receives from this source are eminently those which exhibit the progress of the world in civilization, and are emphatically those essential to the contemporaneous advance of our country in the higher science of the day. The collection of books now in the library of Congress is over a quarter of a million, and, with the present rate of increase, in less than twenty years will be double that number.
To accommodate this immense collection, Congress has in contempla- tion the construction of a new building, and has authorized a commis- sion to select plans and to supervise the location and erection of an edifice.
tatement of the books, maps, and charts received by exchange in 1873.
Volumes: Quarto orlarserseerg hs. 4 nea k ek ee Sepeine Ao 200) Octavororilessese anes ste eee Lees ree Boe 3 633 889 Parts of volumes : Quarto tor larger? Wise 9s. Ae Ae EIN SO Le SBuOg. 1, 467 Octavowor lessees joie etic etal e cs Cesseiesicbeie 1, 407%
2, S74.
28 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Pamphlets :
Quarto, or Jarger.............- old avGusteier Sh aleve tars. st oretenae 326 Octavolomless sac 00, 22 tae eee Ce nn 2 sists » 1,154 1, 480 Maps amclieharts i525 ele Fe Na ea ea eae goalie anne acc 454 Potal receipts ye ee eye ee ree eee ere 5, 697
Some of the most important donations received in 1873 are as follows:
From the Emperor of Germany: The fresco paintings of W. von Kaulbach in the interior stair-case of the Royal Museum at Ber- lin; 12 parts; imp. folio; oblong ;. 1853-1871. Schasler, (Dr. M.,) Die Wandgemalde Wilhelm v. Kaulbach im neuen museum zu Berlin; 1 vol., 4to. Schneider, Der Kénigliche Kronen-Orden; 1871, 4to. Schneider, Das Buch vom Schwarzen Adler-Orden; 1870, 4to. Schnei- der, Das Buch vom Hisernen Kreuze; 1872, 4to. Schneider, Das Ver- dienst Kreuz; 1872, 4to. Schneider, Die Kriegsdenkmiinze fiir den Feldzug; 1870, 1871, 1872, 4to. Haack, Skizzen aus dem Feldzuge ge- gen Frankreich ; 1870, 1871, 4to. Schneider, Der Rothe Adler-Orden; 1868, 4to. Hans Burghmaiers Turnier-Buch. Diirer-Album, Herausge- geben von W. v. Kaulbach and A. Kreling ; folio.
From the Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon: 45 vols. and 12 parts; continuation of memoirs and other publications of the academy.
From the Catholic University of Louvain: “Annales,” 10 volumes, 4to.; “Annuaire,” 3 volumes and 17 theses.
From the government of Bengal: Descriptive ethnology of Bengal, illustrated by lithograph-portraits copied from photographs. Calcutta, 1872, Ato.
From the War Department, Vienna: 384 charts.
From Prof. Edward Morren, Liege: Bulletin de la Fédération des So- cietés d’Horticulture, 1860-1871, 13 vols.; Journal d’Agriculture pra- tique, vols. I-X; Bulletin de Congrés International de Botanique et @ Horticulture, 1865; La Belgique Horticole, 1871, 1872, Se.
From His Highness, Ismael I, Khedive of Egypt: Album du Musée du Boulaq, comprenant quarante planches photographiées par MM. Dé- lié et Béchard avec un texte explicatif rédigé par Auguste Mariette Bey. le Caire, 1871; folio.
From the National University, Athens, Greece: Catalogue of Ancient Coins; voi. 1, 4to. (Greek.)
From the University of Halle: 77 pamphlets; inaugural disserta- tions.
From the University of Greifswald: 70 inaugural dissertations.
From the University of Erlangen: 27 inaugural dissertations.
from Prof. K. Koch, Berlin: 50 inaugural dissertations.
From the Italian government, Rome: 41 volumes, 62 pamphlets, gov- ernment publications.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29
From the government of Belgium: 16 volumes and 3 pamphlets, gov- ernment publications.
From the Société de Géographie, Paris: Voyage @Exploration in In- do-Chine, 1866, 1867, 1868; vols. 1, 2; atlas 1, 2, 1873; folio, and “ Bul- letin” for 1873
From Mr. William Blackmore, London: Portfolio of photographs of some of the principal objects in the British Museum.
From Mr. Charles Harrison, London: Chaldean account of the deluge, from terra-cotta tablets found at Nineveh and now in the British Mu- seum.
Amon g the donations of special interest during the past year is the pho- tographic album of the museum at Boulaq, Egypt, containing forty folko plates with an explanatory text by Auguste Mariette Bey, printed at Cairo in 1871, and presented to the Institution by the Khedive of Egypt, through the Mei cahen of Gen. Stone. This museum is situated on the borders of the Nile, near Cairo, and consists of a collection of all the antiquities that have been discovered of late years in Egypt.
After the immense number of antiquities which have been taken from that country to enrich all the principal museums of the civilized world, itis astonishing to observe how much remains, and how much by the enlightened munificence of the present ruler of Hgypt has been preserved.
Ten of the plates of this album exhibit the statues of the Egyptian gods, nearly four hundred in number. The next division, consisting of seven plates, illustrates the funeral monuments. The next division is that of the civil monuments; these relate to their every-day life, their manners, customs, and arts. The next illustrates the historical remains. The last division is that of the Greek and Roman monuments.
Another work of great beauty and interest is that published by Mrs. Caroline E. G. Peale, the widow of Franklin Peale, of Philadelphia, as a memorial of her Pivented husband. It consists of a series of beautiful photograph illustrations of specimens of the stone age of the human race, collected and arranged by Mr. Peale himself, with a catalogue and intro- duction, and a reprint of the various communications made by him to the Ae ican Philosophical Society.
This work is a valuable contribution to the ethnology of the United States. The photographs are among the best specimens of the art which have been produced in this country, and exhibit the specimens with such minuteness and fidelity as to serve to the student in archzol- ogy almost as a complete substitute for the specimens themselves. This work is truly a refined and intellectual tribute by an affectionate wife to the memory of her deceased husband—a tribute far more appro- priate, and far more interesting to the public, than an unattesting mon- ument of marble or of bronze. As human culture advances, the material mementos which only address the eye are replaced by those which are almost purely of an intellectual character.
@) REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
SE)
METEOROLOGY.
In 1850 the Smithsonian Institution published an extended series of investigations in regard to the winds of North America, by Professor J. H. Coffin, of Lafayette College, Kaston, Pennsylvania. In the produc- tion of this work Professor Coffin was assisted by the Institution in furnishing materials from its collections, and funds to defray the expense of the arithmetical calculations from the income of the Smithson bequest, the labors of the professor himself being gratuitous. Since the publi- eation of this work, which has been largely made use of by the British board of trade in constructing its wind charts of the northern oceans, and by different authors in compiling and elaborating special treatises on meteorology, the Institution has continued to collect new materials in regard to the winds of the earth, and instead of elaborating from these a supplement to the previous treatise on the winds of the northern hemisphere, it was concluded to adopt the plan proposed by Professor Coffin of making a discussion of the winds of both hemispheres. The materials for this discussion are: First, all the observations reported to the Smithsonian Institution from 1856 to 1870; second, all those made at the United States military posts; third, all those at sea collected at the United States Naval Observatory by Capt. Maury; fourth, all those taken at sea in the Arctic and Antarctic regions; fifth, those at several hurdred stations in other parts of the globe.
The greatest labor of the work was principally finished by Professor Coffin, when science and humanity were called to mourn the death of this most highly esteemed collaborator of the Institution. The continu- ation, however, of the tables was undertaken by the son of our lamented friend, Prof. 8S. J. Coffin, who has completed this work with that con- scientious sentiment of filial reverence which well becomes the appreci- ative successor of so worthy a father. Very little, however, was finished by the elder Professor Coffin in the way of expressing, in general proposi- tions, the results contained in the vast amount of numerical tables which he had elaborated. To supply this deficiency, fortunately, the Institu- tion was enabled to avail itself of the assistance of Dr. Woeikof, member of the Geographical Society of Russia and late secretary of its meteoro- logical commission, who, visiting this country for the study of its climat- ology, cheerfully undertook the required work. This gentleman is now engaged in adding the result of some new materials to the tables and in preparing the deductions from them for publication. The work, when finished, will do honor to the industry and scientific reputation of Pro- fessor Coffin and to the policy of the Smithsonian Institution.
The work of the reduction of temperatures has been prosecuted during the past year as rapidly as our means will permit. The labor, however, is very great, and consequently the work must be slow, unless a larger force be put upon it. The observations are not confined to those which have been made immediately under the direction of the Smithsonian In- stitution, but also include all those relative to North America which
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 31
have ever been published in this country or in Europe. But as these are made not only at different hours of the day, but also at different numbers of hours, to reduce these ail to a fixed number of hours, and to deduce from them thus reduced the mean temperatures required, in- volves a far greater amount of labor than if the observations had been made in accordance with one system. It was to facilitate this reduction that the preliminary tables mentioned in the last report.were constructed.
Complete tables have been prepared of temperatures for the following: Iceland, Greenland, British North America, Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Dakota, Delaware, Idaho, Indian Ter- ritory, Illinois, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, Maine, Oregon, Utah, West Virginia, Washington Territory, Wyoming.
In addition to this work, tables showing the latitude, longitude, and mean annual temperature of all the stations in the United States were prepared for the Census Ojfice.
It has been from the first a part of the policy of this Institution to devote its energies to no field of research which can be as well culti- vated by other means; and the United States Government having established a system of meteorological observations, and having made liberal appropriation for its support, it has been thought, as was stated in the last report, for the best interest of the science to transfer the system of meteorological observatious which has been so long continued by the Institution to that of the War Department, under the Chief Sig- nal-Oflicer, General Myer.
The propriety of this transfer will be evident from the fact that the Institution has not the means of paying for printing blanks, postage, and the calculation and monthly publication of the results, especially since the assistance which has heretofore been rendered in this way, by the Department of Agriculture, is now discontinued; furthermore, General Myer can combine these observations with those made with standard instruments now under his charge, and out of the whole form a more extended and harmonious system than any at present in existence.
This transfer, which has just been made, we trust will meet the appro- bation of the observers generally, and we hope they will continue their voluntary co-operation, not with the expectation of being fully repaid for their unremitted labor, in many cases for a long series of years, but from the gratification which must result from the consciousness of hav- ing contributed to increase the sum of human knowledge. We trust also that the observers will continue to cherish an interest in the welfare and progress of the Smithsonian Institution, while, on our part, we shall in all cases, and at all times, be pleased to continue to answer any com- munication which may be addressed to us by them on scientific subjects.
We shall retain all the records of observations which have been ac- cumulating at the Institution during the last twenty-five years, and continue the work of their reduction and discussion up to the end of the year 1873.
oe REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. TELEGRAPHIC ANNOUNCEMENTS OF ASTRONOMICAL DISCOVERIES.
During the past year a very important arrangement has been con- cluded between the Smithsonian Institution and the Atlantic cable com- panies, by which is guaranteed the free transmission by telegraph be- tween Hurope and America of accounts of astronomical discoveries, . which, for the purpose of co-operative observation, require immediate announcement. :
Among such discoveries are those of planets and comets, or of bodies which are generally so faint as not to be seen except through the tele- scope; and which being in motion, their place in the heavens must be made known to the distant observer before they so far change their posi- tion as not to be readily found. For this purpose the ordinary mail- conveyance, requiring at least ten days, is too slow, since in that time the body will have so far changed its position as not to be found except with great difficulty; and this change will become the greater if the body is a very faint one, for in that case it could only be discovered on a night free from moonlight, which of necessity, in ten or twelve days, must be followed by nights on which the sky is illuminated by the moon, and all attempts to discover the object would have to be postponed until the recurrence of a dark night. Indeed, even then the search often proves in vain; and it is not, in some cases, until after a set of approxi- mate elements are calculated and transmitted, that the astronomers on | the two sides of the Atlantic are able fully to co-operate with each other.
These difficulties were discussed by some of the principal astronomers of Europe, and an application was made to the Smithsonian Institution, through Dr. C. H. F. Peters, of Hamilton College, New York, to remove them, by transmitting intelligence immediately through the Atlantic tele- graph cable. For this purpose the Institution applied to the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph and to the Western Union Tele- graph Companies to be allowed free transmission of this kind of intelli- gence, and it has received, through Cyrus W. Field, esq., and William Orton, esq., with that liberality which has always attended applications of a similar character by the Institution, the free use of all the lines of these companies for the object in question.
Similar privileges have been granted for transmitting the intelligence between the principal centers of astronomical research in Europe and the eastern ends of the Atlantic cabies.
Although the discovery of planets and comets will probably be the principal subject of the cable-telegrams, yet it is not intended to restrict the transmission of intelligence solely to that class of observation. Any remarkable solar phenomenon presenting itself suddenly in Hu- rope, observations of which may be practicable in America several hours after the sun has set to the European observer ; the sudden outburst of some variable star, similar to that which appeared in Corona borealis in 1866; unexpected showers of shooting-stars, &c., would be proper subjects for transmission by cable.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. So
The announcement of this arrangement has called forth the approba- tion of the astronomers of the world; and in regard to it we may quote the following passage from the fifty-fourth annual report of the Royal Astronomical Society of England :
“The great value of this concession on the part of the Atlantic telegraph and other companies cannot be too highly prized, and our science must certainly be the gainer by this disinterested act of liberality. Already planets discovered in America have been observed in Kurope on the evening following the receipt of the telegram, or within two or three days of their discovery.”
To carry out the proposition, the following arrangements have been adopted:
Center of communication in the United States :
1. The Smithsonian Institution, Joseph Henry, director. Centers of communication im irropels 1. Greenwich Observatory, Sir George B. Airy, sen HUeIEROROR 2. Paris Observatory, M. Leverrier. director. 3. Berlin Observatory, Prof. W. Foerster, director. 4, Vienna Observatory, Academy of Sciences, Prof. von Littrow, director. 5. Pulkova Observatory, M. Struvé, director.
Telegrams received at the Smithsonian Institution from observers in the United States will be forwarded immediately by Atlantic cable to Greenwich, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and Pulkova, and thence by telegraph to other observatories in Europe.
Directions.—Discoveries made in Europe of new comets, planets, &c., will be announced without delay from Greenwich, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, or Pulkova by Atlantic cable to the Smithsonian Institution, and thence by telegraph to American observatories and the Associated Press.
The telegraphic dispatch announeing a discovery should be as brief as possible; and, after conference with astronomers, the following form has been agreed upon:
After the single word “ planet” (or “‘ comet”) is given,
(1st) its right ascension in time, hours and minutes only; next, separated by the word
(2d) north or south, is given its
(3d) declination to the nearest minute.
In the case of a planet, in addition to the foregoing follows finally the magnitude expressed by the nearest ordinal number. In the case of a comet follows the word bright or faint, and it is well to add the direction of motion, requiring at the utmost two words combined, of S. W. N. E.; and also, if rapid, the quantity of its daily motion, the latter to the nearest whole number in degrees. For example, the following dispateh, “ Planet twenty-three thirty-five north twenty-one forty-six eleventh,” would be interpreted: A new planet is discovered in 23" 35™ of right ascension and +21° 46’ of declination; eleventh magnitude.
Ora Mapatch like the following : “‘ Comet twenty-two forty-three north
Ss)
34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
sixty-five thirty-one bright southeast three,” would announce the diseov- ery of a bright comet in right ascension 22" 43™; declination + 65° 31; the declination decreasing, right ascension increasing, daily motion about three degrees.
The preceding examples contain the greatest number of words re- quired for any one dispatch, if composed according to the rule adopted. Usually they will not exceed ten. Sometimes, however, the dispatch thus composed would become equivocal, and it has therefore been estab- lished as an additional rule that the number expressing the minutes of right ascension or declination shall always be expressed in words, even when zero occurs. Therefore, 23" 0™ should be written “ twenty-three nought,” while ‘‘twenty three” will be understood to mean 20" 3". In a similar way 0" of right ascension or 0° of declination are to be dis- tinctly expressed by the word “nought.”
The right ascension and declination in the dispatch will be understood to give the position (by proper motion approximately reduced) for the midnight following the date of the dispatch : Washington time for Amer- ican discoveries, Greenwich time for European.
Since, in conformity with the preceding article, only an approximate estimate of a later position, and not that of the first observation itseli, is given, the dispatch is not to be considered asa document for deciding the question of priority of discovery.
We trust the time is not distant when, with the completion of a tele- graphic cable between Japan and the United States, this system will be extended to the eastern part of Asia, and the astronomers who are now in process of education in the United States, both from China and Japan, will be able to participate in the facilities thus offered for co-operation in the advance of astronomy. In connection with the publication of this cir- cular, the National Academy of Sciences, at its meeting on the 15th of April, adopted a resolution recommending that amateur astronomers de- vote aportion of their time to sweeping the sky for the discovery of comets.
The following is.a list of the announcements during 1873:
i= Discovery. pe From whom. Place. ae Declination. Magnitude. A 1873. h. ™. One Planet... Feb. 18 | Peters --.-.- Clinton, N. Y.-..--- TOWAO RNG 13 40 | N. | Eleventh. Planet ....- May 26 | Peters --..-- Clinton Navan e cet 16 14] S. 21 18 | W. | Eleventh. Comet ..-.-. July 5 | Tempel..--. AVAlemM a ea eee OY Se 4 34 Planet. ..-: July 14 ‘Watson..... Ann Arbor, Mich - 1716] §&. 21 43 | N. | Eleventh. Comet ..... July 27 | Borelli.-.-.. Marseilles .-....-. 114] 8. 7 32)5.E Planet ...-. Aug. 17 | Watson..... Ann Arbor, Mich . 23012) ats. 240) 8 Eleventh. Comet ..-.. Aug. 21 | Borelli...-.. Marseilles ......- 2 Ne 38 45 | § Comet ..... ENTRY OPH eB soso es ae NAG Ny Sse osoodaae R29 eG 3655) 8 Comet .-.--. Aug. 24 | Henry .----. JebhelS \Sadeacaboose rgaoiden ase 59 30 | E. Planet... ... Sept. 27 | Luther ..-.-. Diisseldorff .....-.- OFRie | PEN: 753) S. | Tenth. Comet .---- Nov. 11 | Coggia-.-.-.- Marseilles ......-. 16 23] N. 27 26 | S.W. Comet ..... INOvagl oulbamenccaewuene Videptia, 3. tegen: 16 4] N. 22 6 |S.W
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 35 NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The appropriation by Congress of $15,000 for the support and exhibi- tion of the museum was continued last year. This appropriation, how- ever, was scarcely sufficient to defray the expenses; ‘but as Congress within the last two years had also granted $12,000 for heating-apparatus, and $25,000 for the fitting up with cases of additional rooms for the accommodation of the collections, a larger sum than $15,000 was not asked for the care of the specimens. During the last year a steam- heating apparatus has been introduced under the direction of Lewis H. Leeds, of New York, heating and ventilating engineer. ‘The contract for the work was awarded to Messrs. Blake & Shotwell, of New York, who have faithfully carried out the plan adopted.
We regret to say, however, that the boilers, placed as they are in the middle of the length of the building, are scarcely sufficient in size to heat the extreme ends, and that during the coldest weather additional apparatus will be required. In the appendix is given a report of the engineer, with a plan of the several stories of the building.
The contract for making cases for the mineralogical department was given to John H. Bird, who has executed the work to the entire satis- faction of the Institution. The contract for constructing the cases for the large room of the upper story was awarded to John W. MeKnight. These cases are of pine, veneered with walnut and bird’s-eye maple, with large panes of English plate-glass, and are covered at the top and bottom with zine to render them dust-proof. They are much more elaborately finished than museum-cases usually are, and this too at amuch less expense than that of the various cases in other public buildings of this city. The plans and specifications of these cases, with a model case, were prepared by Prof. H. A. Ward, of Rochester, N. Y., with some modifica- tions by Mr. A. Cluss, who has for several years been the architect of the Smithsonian building. The construction of the cases by Mr. McKnight was completed to the entire satisfaction of Mr. Cluss, the architect, not, however, without a complaint on the part of the contractor that his estimate of the cost of the work was far from being at a remuner- ative rate. The appropriation was sufficient to complete the cases, but not to furnish them with shelves. For this, an additional appropriation will be required. It is proposed to devote the large room, which is 200 feet long and 50 wide by 25 in height, entirely to ethnology, this being a branch of science attracting perhaps at the present time more attention than almost any other, and of which the illustrations at present in the general collection of the National Museum are nearly sufficient to fill the entire space and are rapidly increasing in number.
The appropriation of $15,000 for the care of the museum has provided for the employment of an additional assistant to take charge of the mineralogical collections. The person appointed to this position is Dr. . M. Endlich, of Reading, Pa., who has lately completed his scientific
36 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
studies in Germany, at the Mining Academy of Freiberg, having paid special attention to the blow-pipe analysis of minerals. Hehas rendered efficient service not only in the arrangement of all the minerals of the museum, but in making up sets from the large number of duplicates for distribution to colleges and academies. Previous to the employment of Dr. Endlich, the duplicate minerals and geological specimens were sent to the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York, where they were examined and made up into sets for distribution, the minerals by Profes- sor Egleston, and the rocks by Professor Newberry. In this line the Institution has done good service to the cause of education, and has the capacity of doing much more, provided the small amount of funds required for the purpose be granted by Government.
The appropriation of Congress has also enabled us to add a perma- nent taxidermist to the establishment, Joseph Palmer, from England, who has not only much improved the condition of the mounted speci- mens previously in the Institution, but, under the direction of Professor Baird, has added a large number of new specimens, especially a series of several hundred plaster casts taken from fresh fish and painted to represent the colored appearance of nature.
. Few persons have any idea of the amount of manual labor necessary to properly sustain a museum in a condition fit for public exhibition. Heretofore, with the limited amount of money which could be expended from the Smithsonian fund, in addition to the $4,000 allowed by Con- gress, it was impossible to keep the specimens in the best condition either for critical study or for popular exhibition. The museum, there- fore, although it has been an object of great interest to the public gen- erally, has not been what we trust it will be in the future.
The following report of Professor Baird, of the additions to the museum, and the various operations connected with it during the year 1873, presents satisfactory evidence of prosperity.
Condition, progress, and operation of the National Musewm during the year 1873.—“ The record of the National Museum for 1873is highly satisfactory, showing valuable additions from many parts of the world, and consid- erable progress in the way of reducing its contents to order, and making them serviceable to the cause of science. In no previous year has the number of distinct donations been so great, while the bulk of the parcels received has been almost inconveniently large. The total number of entries is 441, from 241 donors, and embraces 680 packages of different kinds, the similar figures for 1872 being 315, 203, and 544, respectively.
A list in the appendix will show in detail what has been actually received, including the names of contributors and the nature of their donations; the increase being in large part from the collections of different Government exploring expeditions, which by law of Congress are transferred to the Smithsonian Institution for safe-keeping, and also
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 37
from the contributions of special correspondents of the Institution, and by exchange. Nothing has been added in the way of direct purchases. While most large museums, such as the British Museum and those of Paris, Berlin, and Cambridge, Mass., &c., depend principally upon pur- chases for increasing their collections, the National Museum, without funds at its disposal for such purpose, has not yet felt the need of them ; the collections received from the sources mentioned, free of cost other than that of mere transportation, being quite as great as the means of preparation and preservation will allow.
In addition to the number of donations, the entries in the record- books of the museum during the year 1873 will indicate approximately the extent and nature of the increase; the total number of entries dur- ing the year amounting to 10,604, or 33 per cent. more than those of 1872; the largest number, that of birds, amounting to 3,232 spec- imens; of fishes, 2,756; of ethnological specimens, 1,475; and of min- erals, 941. This, however, does not represent accurately the num- ber of separate specimens, as many objects of the same kind and from the same locality are often included under a single entry. Many addi- tidns during the year, especially of shells, minerals, and fishes, are yet unrecorded.
The total number of entries to the end of the year amounts to 187 453, filling thirty large folio ledgers. As might be expected, the principal sources of supply have been from American localities, the United States especially, although some objects of interest have been received from other parts of the world. The special object has been to bring together as com- plete an exhibition of the natural history and ethnology of America as the available means would permit. Should Congress at any future time de- cide to inerease the scale of operations so as to enable the establishment to vie with such museums as those of London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna, &c., the framework of the present organization can be readily expanded so as to cover a much wider field. At present the available space for exhibiting specimens is occupied to its utmost extent, and but a portion of the collections actually within the walls of the Institution can be exhibited to the public. The remainder, however, are in such a condi- tion as to be available for the study of specialists whenever they may find it necessary to examine them.
For the.better understanding of the character of the collections re- ceived in 1873, a general sketch is given with reference to the regions whence they were derived, to be followed by an enumeration, in syste- matic sequence, of those of the.most importance.
Of comparatively slight extent, yet perhaps of greater interest from their historic associations than any others, are the collections made during the eventful voyage of the Polaris, under Captain Hall, to the northern regions. This expedition, fitted out by the Navy Depart-
38 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
ment in pursuance of an act of Congress, left the United States in the summer of 1871, and succeeded in reaching the latitude of 82° 16’, the most northerly point ever attained by civilized man. Little was done in the way of collections until after the expedition went into winter-quarters in October, 1871; and most of the specimens gathered were secured during that winter and the following spring and summer. The death of Captain Hall interfered, of course, materially with the scientific work, but did not interrupt it, and at the time of the damage to the vessel by the ice, in October, 1872, very extensive col- lections had been made under the direction of Dr. Bessels, the chief of the scientific corps. These embraced specimens of the minerals, rocks, and fossils of Polaris Bay and other localities, large numbers of skins and skeletons of the musk-ox, (a great desideratum in public museums,) and other species of mammals, such as lemmings, seals, &c.; some birds and their eggs; many specimens of marine invertebrates, and a complete collection of the insects and plants met with by the party. Most of these collections were lett on board the Polaris when the party remaining with the vessel went into quarters on shore during the winter of 1872~73; and when the vessel was found to be unseaworthy, and it - became necessary to build boats to move southward for the purpose of trying to meet the English whalers, it was found impossible to bring away’ more than a small number of the objects that had been gathered. Dr. Bessels, however, in the limited amount of space allotted to him, sue- ceeded in packing a representative series of the fossils and rocks, and some specimens of insects, as also a few objects preserved in alcohol, all of which at present occupy a special case in the mineral-room at the west end of the Smithsonian building.
The absence of fishes in the collections of the Polaris party is very remarkable, no specimens of this class of vertebrates having been seen by the expedition in the northern portion of their journey, with the ex- ception of a few small fishes in a fresh-water stream, which could not be caught, but were supposed to be young salmon. Cetaceans, too, were equally absent, the marine mammals being represented only by one or two species of seal.
Proceeding southward, the next region from which interesting mate- rial has been received during the year is that of the Pribylov or fur-seal islands of Behring Sea. Here the collections begun in 1872, on the jsland of Saint Paul, by Mr. Henry W. Elliott, assistant United States Treasury ¢gent, were continued by him on the adjacent island of Saint George, and embraced a complete representation of the birds, especially the aquatic species and their eggs, the skeletons and skulls of the seals and some marine invertebrates. hese are accompanied by very inter- esting sketches of the animal life of the island, especially of the seals and walruses, adding uch to our knowledge of the habits of this inter- esting group of mammals.
(3)
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39
The westernmost portion of the chain of the Aleutian Islands was thoroughly explored during the year by Mr. William H. Dall, while engaged in making a survey of the islands in behalf of the United States Coast Survey, his leisure time having been employed in securing a wonderfully complete series of specimens for the National Museum. These covered all departments of natural history, such as various mammals, birds and their eggs, insects and plants, and more es- pecially marine invertebrates, of which it is believed that many new species have been obtained. A very prominent feature, however, in Mr. Dall’s collections, consists in the extensive series of pre-historic objects obtained by the exploration of certain burial caves in Unalaska, which throw much light upon the past relationships of the Aleutians. Ineclud- ing the ethnological collections made by Mr. Dall during previous years, it is believed that no better illustration of the anthropology of that part _ of Alaska could be brought together than is now within the walls of the Institution.
A collection of carvings made by the Haidah Indians, of Queen Char- lotte’s Island, a tribe remarkable for their skill in this branch of art and for the variety and grotesqueness of their designs, has been received from Mr. J. G. Swan, whose contributions alsoembrace numerous ethno- logical and other specimens from Washington Territory, and is accom- panied by a memoir, previously noticed in this report.
From Oregon we have a very remarkable collection of pre-historic remains, many of them of exquisite beauty of workmanship, consisting of arrow-points and pestles, bone-carvings, &c., presented by Mr. Paul Rh. Schumacher, of the United States Coast Survey.
Another valued addition from this part of the country consists of a number of specimens of the showt/l, both in skins and entire in alcohol, furnished by Mr. S. C. Wingard, the United States district attorney at Olympia. This mammal, the Aplodontia leporina, is like a muskrat, but with a very short tail, and although abundant in .a very limited locality, is still little known to naturalists; while its peculiarities of form render it of great interest as an object of study. After many years of special effort directed toward securing a supply of these animals for the purpose of meeting some urgent calls, the object was finally accom- plished by the aid of Mr. Wingard.
The coast of California has been well represented by the collections of Captain C. M. Scammon, of the United States Revenue Marine. This gentleman, an active and efficient officer of the service, has, in the inter- est of science, made use of the opportunities furnished by the necessary cruises along the coast, devoting himself especially to a careful scien- tific and practical study of the marine mammals, including the whales, porpoises, seals, sea-otters, &c. With commendable enterprise, he has commenced the publication, in California, of a large work on this sub- ject, which, with its well-executed illustrations, promises to be a complete —
AO REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
treatise upon the whale-fishery and other similar interests on the Pacific Ocean, and one that will doubtless be a standard of reference in the future.
The collections made by Captain Scammon for his studies im this de- partment have been transmitted by him from time to time to the National Museum, where they constitute one of its most unique and important fea- tures. Too much cannot be said in praise of gentlemen like Captain Scammon, who, in addition to the routine of their ofiicial work, labor for the advancement of science, and especially where such labor can be turned to practical account as in the present instance.
The United States steamer Tuscarora, under Commander G. E. Bel- knap, has been engaged during the summer in making soundings in the Pacific, from San Francisco toward the Aleutian Islands, with the object of determining the proper line for a cable between the United States and Japan; and numerous specimens of sea-bottom, with its microscopic fauna, were secured, and have been recently transmitted by Com. Ammen, of the Bureau of. Navigation, in behalf of the Navy De- partment, with the request that the Smithsonian Institution would have them properly investigated and reported upon.
_From the main-land of California collections have beep received from Dr. J. G. Cooper, of San Francisco, Mr. W. A. Cooper, of Santa Cruz, and Dr. Hays, of Santa Barbara, consisting of specimens of birds, mammals, &e., of much interest.
By far the most extensive collections received by the National Museum during the year have been the result of Government expeditions in the regions west of the Missouri.
The first of these in geographical order, beginning at the north, is that of the survey of the boundary between fie United States and the uc territory, prosecuted under the auspices of the State Department, and under the direction of Mr. Archibald Campbell as commissioner. The proper determination of this boundary, in which Great Britain takes part, requires careful astronomical and geodetic work, this being conducted by Major Twining in behalf of the United States Engi- neer Department. The region traversed is one very little known, and the commissioner, therefore, as was the case during his survey of the western end of this line, took pains to secure the assistance of a competent specialist to make the necessary examination in regard to the natural-history resources of the country. - Dr. Elliott Coues, assist- ant surgeon, United States Army, who has had much experience in simi- lar duties, and who occupies a high rank as a naturalist, was chosen as surgeon to the scientific party, and succeeded, with the assistance given him by the commissioner, in making a very large collection of specimens in many branches of natural-history,.and one especially rich in the department of ornithology.
The line surveyed during the year extended for several hundred
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Al
miles west of the Lake of the Woods, and will be continued in 1874, it is hoped, under the same auspices, to the summit of the Rocky Moun- tains or to the junction with the line which, in 1860, had been extended from the Pacific Ocean eastward.
The next Government expedition, in geographical position, was one sent out by the War Department to protect the exploring and construc- tion parties of the Northern Pacific Railway, and placed under the com- mand of Gen. David S. Stanley. This consisted ofa very large force of men, some two thousand in all, as being necessary to protect the rail- road parties against the threatened attacks of hostile Indians. Recog- nizing the propriety of utilizing so favorable a service in the interest of science, when it could be done at so trifling an expense, the Secretary of War authorized the appointment of a corps of naturalists for the expe- dition, and Mr. J. A. Allen was placed in charge of this, with several as- - sistants. The expedition proceeded westward from Fort Rice to the Upper Missouri, and crossed some distance beyond the Yellowstone. The results of this expedition are very interesting, and would have been much more extensive but for the necessity of moving in constant apprehension of hostile attacks.
The geographical and geological exploration of the Territories, under Professor Hayden, furnished the next source of museum supply, the researches of himself and parties having extended over parts of Colorado and New Mexico. These furnished very large collections of fossil re- mains, of minerals and rocks, and of objects of natural history generally,
The exploration of the region west of the hundredth meridian, under the direction of Lieut. George M. Wheeler, of the United States Engineers, has also furnished a large mass of material, equal in extent and general character to that of Professor Hayden, the twe parties together contributing a very large proportion of the general. results of the year. Thousands of birds and hundreds of mammals, with tons of fossil and geological specimens, are counted in the aggregate received from these two expeditions.
Hrom the explorations of Maj. J. W. Powell, in the cafions of the Colo- rado, most extensive collections have also been received; his survey being unique in the great extent and completeness of its ethnological representation. In these and the collections of the previous summer, the National Museum now owes to Major Powell’s exertions a most inter- esting and extensive representation of the habits, manners, and customs of the Ute Indians, including every form of dress and personal adorn- ment, of weapons of war and of the chase, of household and agricultu- ral utensils, specimens of their food in different stages of preparation, and whatever else may throw light upon the habits and characteristics of one of the most primitive people on the American continent. <A special feature of this collection is the number and variety of stone implements used for various purposes, properly mounted, and showing
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the mode by which the knives and arrow-points are attached for every- day use. ;
New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah, are represented largely in the collec- tions of Lieutenant Wheeler, and of Major Powell; and a collection of skins and eggs of birds, gathered in Southern Arizona, and presented by Capt. Charles Bendire, of the United States Cavalry, has also proved a very important addition to the treasures of the museum. Captain Bendire, while stationed near Tucson, embraced the opportunity to make complete collections of eggs of the Arizona birds, and among them are many previously unknown to naturalists. With commendable liberality, he has presented a series of these to the National Museum, which, from their beauty of preparation and rarity, constitute a very acceptable donation.
Among the collections received from the West must not be omitted: specimens of the salmon, trout, and other fresh-water fishes of the Upper Sacramento, gathered by Mr. Livingston Stone, deputy United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries. This gentleman has been engaged for two years on the McCloud River, near Mount Shasta, in obtaining eggs of the Sacramento salmon for supplying the rivers and lakes of the United States with this important food-fish, and he com- bined with his other duties the securing of material for a complete monograph of the salmonidae of the American continent. He has also furnished some interesting ethnological specimens.
The collections in the regions between the Mississippi River and the Atlantic, although from no one point of very great extent, have fur- nished a considerable aggregate, and are especially rich in objects of ethnology, to which special attention has been given during the year. The number of donations in this department is very great, and will be found recorded in detail in the accompanying list.of contributions, the principal States represented being Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, Maryland, Rhode Island, Maine, &c.
Among the additions in other departments, we may specially men- tion the collection of fishes by Mr. James W. Milner, also an assistant of the United States Fish Commission, who has had special charge of ascertaining the character of the fish, and reporting upon the fisheries of the great lakes, and of the upper tributaries of the Mississippi. In connection with this inquiry, Mr. Milner secured a very complete collec- | tion of food-fishes of the Jakes and of the Ohio River, which, in accord- ance with law, have been sent to the National Museum, and, it is hoped, will form the basis of a work upon the subject.
Having referred to the additions to the collections of the National Museum from the Pacific coast, we have to record also very important contributions from the labors of the United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.
Of these full series are preserved in the National Museum for investi- ~ gation, and the great number of duplicates gathered for that special
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. “43 as purpose are in the process of being made up into sets for distribution
to colleges and academies throughout the country. No greater aid can be given to the cause of scientific education than to furnish such series as these; and accompanied as they will be by the report of the ccm- mission, in which these objects are fully and systematically described, they will be much sought after by institutions such as those referred to.
As in previous years, the facilities of the commission were eagerly embraced by scientific specialists, who spent a greater or less time with the expedition. Among these may be mentioned Mr. G. Brown Goode and Professor Rice, of Wesleyan University, Middletown; Professor J. Hi. Todd, of Taber College, lowa; Professor Nelson, of Delaware Col- lege, Ohio; Dr. P. P. Carpenter, of Montreal; Mr. 8. J. Smith and Mr. Thatcher, of Yale College, and many others on the United States steamer
Biue Light, furnished by the Navy Department. In addition to the collections made at Peak’s Island, many interesting objects were secured under the commissioner’s direction, by Dr. A.S. Packard, on the United States steamer Bache, which the superintendent of the coast-survey kindly supplied to the commission for a month, for the purpose of deep-sea exploration at points of the New England coast too remote for the services of the Blue Light. Mr. Vinal N. Edwards, an agent of the commission, at Wood’s Hole, Massachusetts, also secured great numbers of fishes, several of them previously unknown to our waters.
Other collections of the coast-fishes of great interest were furnished by Messrs. Middleton, Carman & Co., of New York, including a species of perch, Promicrops guasu, taken in Saint John’s River in Florida, weighing 750 pounds. <A series of the Virginia coast-fishes was also received from:Mr. Sibley, of Norfolk.
Mr. Samuel Powel of Newport, R. I., furnished some very rare species of fishes from Narragansett Bay. Others from Staten Island have been presented by Mr. Charles Copley.
In the completion of the account of collections received from the east- ern coast of North America, we may mention specimens of the salmon family, as salmon, salmon-trout, and white-fish, from the United States salmon-hatching establishment, under the charge of Chas. G. Atkins of Bucksport, Me.; from H. M. Stilwell, fish commissioner of Maine; from Mr. J. B. Blossom, of Brooklyn; from Mr. Rutter of Frederickton, New Brunswick ; and of capelin, from Mr. Delaney of Newfoundland. Of even greater interest than any of these, however, were specimens of a gigantic cuttle-fish, presented by Archibald Munn, of Harbor Grace, Newfound- land. For some years past there have been traditions of the occurrence of giant cuttle-fish, or so called ‘devil-fish,” on our eastern coast, although the stories communicated in regard to them have been cousidered rather fabulous. During the year 1873, however, several well-authenticated cases have occurred, and in one instance an animal of this family attacked a fishing-boat by throwing two of its arms across it, which, however, the
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occupants of the boat promptly severed with an ax, and the portions thus secured were brought into port. One of these pieces of an arm meas- ured 18 feet in length, and it was estimated that an equal length remained attached tothe body. An entire animal was afterward taken ina net, with arms about 30 feet inlength. Another ofa similar size was thrown upon the shore, near Harbor Grace in the winter of 187273, the beak and suckers of which were forwarded to the Smithsonian Institu- tion.
The collections from Mexico received during the year have continued to be of much importance, especially such as are covered by the contri- butions of Professor Sumichrast, who is a resident of the Isthmus of Te- huantepec, and has been for many years a valued correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution. From this gentleman we have received large numbers of birds, mammals, and reptiles, the object of most interest being the skeleton of the Mexican tapir, an animal until rec euily but very little known.
From Guatemala an interesting addition consists of a specimen of the ocellated turkey, presented by Mr. Sarg, being a species of great rarity, and very much superior in beauty to the wild turkey of North America.
A very noteworthy addition to the collection of the Institution was re- ceived from Prof. William M. Gabb, who has been engaged in exploring certain regions of Costa Rica, in the service of that government and of the Costa Rica Railway. This contribution contains many specimens illustrative of the habits and manners of the native tribes of Costa Rica, with a large collection of the birds, mammals, reptiles, fishes, We., the whole forming a very full representation of the zoology and ethnol- ogy of that country.
Additional contributions, in the way of specimens of the natural his-
_tory of the United States of Colombia, have been received from Gen. Stephen A. Hurlbut, late United States minister to that country, and _ from his son, Mr. George H. Hurlbut. To these gentlemen the National Museum previously owed the contribution of a skeleton of the tapir of — the Andes, a species till then known only by a skull in the Paris Mu- seum. The more recent donations consist of birds in great variety, and other objects.
Several collections have been received from more southern portions of South America, among them an interesting contribution of Peruvian antiquities, presented by Mr. W. W. Evans, and a stuffed specimen of the tapir of the Andes, from President Moreno, of Ecuador.
From the West Indies an important contribution consists in skeletons and alcoholic specimens of the fish of Cuba, presented by Prof. F. Poey, of Havana. Professor Poey is an eminent naturalist, whose writings upon the fishes of the West Indies are standard authority, and he has kindly undertaken to supply to the National Museum a complete series of Cuban fishes, properly named, to correspond with his own publica-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 45
tions. Of these, over one hundred species have already been received, and others are hereafter expected.
The fishes of Bermuda are represented in a collection made by Mi. G. Brown Goode, in behalf of the Wesleyan University at Middletown, by which institution it was presented.
Other notable additions to the collection of fishes consist in speci- mens of the turbot, the sole, and the brill, of Europe, obtained through Messrs. Middleton and Carman, of New York, for the purpose of show- ing the relationship of these well-known food-fishes with our own. These specimens have been cast in plaster, and will shortly be placed on exhibition.
Quite a number of single specimens of various kinds have been re- ceived in exchange from European museums, although nothing specially noteworthy, with the exception, perhaps, of a colleciion of minerals from the salt-mines near Cracow, in Austria, presented by the Univer- sity of Cracow, through Professor Att. Of contributions from other regions outside of North America, by far the most interesting represen- tation is that of New Zealand, as furnished by the Canterbury Museum at Christ Church, in charge of Dr. Julius Haast. This embraces sev- eral complete skeletons of the giant fossil-birds of New Zealand, spe- cies, in comparison with which, the ostrich is but as a chick to a hen, a height of 15 feet, with other dimensions proportionate, being attained by several of the species. There is also in this collection a very good series of New Zealand birds and many specimens of ethnology in the form of implements of stone and bone, and other objects from the shell- heaps of the ancient Maori inhabitants, who were cotemporaries of the giant birds, (the moas,) and the remains of whose feasts contain frac- tured moa bones in great numbers.
Systematic summary.—Having thus given an account of the more important collections received during the year in their geographical relationships, a brief recapitulation by systematic arrangement may not be uninteresting.
The department of ethnology is one which has received the most va- ried and extended contributions during the year, due largely to the fact that special effort has been directed by the Smithsonian Institution in the way of circulars to correspondents, and otherwise, to induce the making of such collections, while in preparing instructions to the Gov- ernment expeditions this subject has been dwelt upon particularly.
Reference has already been made to the prehistoric remains collected by Mr. Dall in Alaska, and by Mr. Schumacher in Oregon, and to those of more modern times furnished by Mr. Swan from Washington Terri- tory and Queen Charlotte’s Island, while the objects brought by Major Powell from the Colorado River, are of unusually great extent and value. Every State in the Union, however, has been represented to a greater or less extent in the form of stone-axes, pipes, pottery, &c. The
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shell-heaps of Casco Bay were explored by parties connected with the United States Fish Commission, and those of Hastern Maine by Lieu- tenant Slamm of the Revenue Service. From foreign localities the most interesting contribution is that of the remains from the shell-heaps of the ancient moa-hunters of New Zealand, referred to as contributed by Dr. Haast. The interest of these localities is heightened by the fact that they embrace remains of the gigantic fossil dinornis, or moa-bird, proving that this was hunted and eaten by the Maoris.
Of the mammalia, a special prize has been a complete skeleton of the grizzly bear, killed by Lieutenant Carpenter, of Professor Hayden’s ex- pedition. Of this animal it is difficult to obtain good skeletons, and the one received was therefore especially acceptable, as it enabled the Institution to meet an urgent request on the part of the British archae- ologists. Among sundry fossil bones of bears found in Great Britain and elsewhere in Europe, are remains which cannot be satisfactorily re- ferred to any European animal; and it has been suggested that prob- ably the American grizzly was at one time an inhabitant of Europe, and since then exterminated. The loan of this-specimen to a commit- tee of the British Association, charged with the investigation of the subject may enable them to determine this point. For its better il- lustration, however, the Smithsonian Institution added to the grizzly a specimen of the barren ground bear of the Arctic region, a very rare animal, and of which the only specimens preserved are in the museum at Washington. It is possibly the Arctic species, rather than the griz- zly, which will be found to have the closest relation to the European fossil, or cave bear, in this respect exhibiting a parallel to the musk- ox, which once inhabited Central Europe, and after the glacial period was driven back to the northward by the increasing temperature of the continent, and finally entirely exterminated from the Old World. It is now only found living in America and Greenland.
Two very complete skins of the musk-ox, from Arctic America, have been forwarded to the Institution by Mr. William L. Hardesty, of Fort Simpson, and their arrival is expected at an early date. The collections . of the remains of cetaceans, such as the skulls of whales and the skins and skeletons of porpoises, &c., from the California coast, as contri- buted by Captain Scammon, have been already mentioned; as also that of the Aplodontia-leporina, or showt’l, which has been received from Mr. 8. C. Wingard.
To Professor Sumichrast, of Tehuantepec, the Institution owes the contribution of a skeleton of the tapir of Mexico.
A complete series of the mammals of Costa Rica and their skulls, fur- nished by Professor Gabb, is of great value.
Among the rarest of mammals is ineluded the hairy tapir of the Andes, from South America, the only representative of the species heretofore being a skull in the Paris Museum.
To the Hon. S. A. Hurlbut, at the time United States minister to
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. AT
Bogota, and to his son, George H. Hurlbut, the Institution owes the first complete skeleton of this animal ever obtained; and during the year 1873 it received a mounted skin, presented by President Moréno, of Ecuador. :
The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge has furnished, in exchange, casts of several crania of mastodons.
Among the most important contributions in the way of mammals are the specimens received from Mr. P. T. Barnum, consisting of animals which have died in his extensive menageries in different parts of the country, and transmitted to the National Museum from time to time by his agents, in compliance with his instructions. Among these may be mentioned a Malayan tapir, a Bactrian camel, a dromedary, an African panther, the Florida manatee, the Indian rhinoceros, the mandrill and other species, all of them of extreme interest, furnishing both skeletons,
and skins fit for mounting. 2
Of birds the most important collections are those from the Aleutian Islands, received from Messrs. Dall & Elliott, and from the region-west of the Missouri, from the different Government expeditions already enumerated. Dr. Haast has also supplied many rarities from New Zealand. A special acquisition is that of the ocellated turkey from Honduras, presented by Mr. Sarg. This is extremely rare in public museums, with a market-value, for a good skin, of about $200.
Other notable contributions are the skin of two species of tern or mackerel gulls, one the Sterna longipinnis, from Portland, Me., by Mr. Franklin Benner, and the other Sterna leucoptera, from Wisconsin, pre- sented by Dr. T. M. Brewer, both of them the first specimens of their respective species hitherto detected in North America.
A collection of eggs of birds from Arizona, by Captain Bendire, has also been referred to, and is of special value.
Comparatively few reptiles have been received during the year; these consisting mainly of specimens brought in by the Government expedi- tions. We may, however, mention several valuable species from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, sent on by Professor Sumichrast, and from Costa Rica by Professor Gabb.
The list of fishes is very extensive, composed mainly of those brought in by the United States Fish Commission. These embrace a very great variety, including specimens of sharks, rays, and many notable fish se- cured on the coasts of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, &e., as well as of sea salmon, lake salmon, white-fish, smelts, capelin, and other va- rieties from the waters of California, the Great Lakes, the Eastern States, and the provinces. Many fishes were brought in also by the Government expeditions, and some have been received from Costa Rica through Professor Gabb, and several interesting species from Europe, through Messrs. Middleton & Carman, of New York.
Of special interest in connection with the study of the fishes of the United States, is a series from Cuba, contributed by Professor Poey, of
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Havana. This gentleman has contributed more than two hundred spe- cies, and others have been promised.
The fish of Bermuda, collected by Mr. Goode, also tend to complete the list of the Atlantic species. Dr. John Edward Gray has presented a large number of species of fish, particularly from the Indian Ocean.
Of the fishes from the interior of of the United States, collections have been made of most of the prominent kinds by Mr. James W. Mil- ner, of the United States Fish Commission, while Mr. George Spangler, of Madison, Indiana, has furnished specimens of the paddle-fish, shovel- headed sturgeon, and other conspicuous varieties.
Of marine invertebrates, such as star-fishes, shells, crustacea, worms, &e., immense numbers were gathered by the fish commission on the
eastern coast, and extensive series have BUS been supplied by Mr. Dall from the erie Islands.
Many plants have been received, including a small but very interesting collection made by the Polaris party in high northern latitudes. In ac- cordance with an arrangement entered into between the Smithsonian Institution and the Agricultural Department some years ago, the plants and insects received at the National Museum are turned over to the last-mentioned establishment for proper care, as rapidly as is consistent with the duty of securing reports upon those collections made by the Government expeditions.
In a similar manner human crania received are turned over to the Army Medical Museum, the object in both cases being to avoid dividing series, by combining all the specimens of the same general class in some one of the various Government establishments in the city.
The collections in paleontology, mineralogy, and geology, as already mentioned, are of great magnitude, and alone have filled many hundred boxes. These represent the most important results of the Government exploring expeditions.
It will be seen, from what has been already mentioned, that the col- lections made during the year represent an enormous aggregate of material, and one requiring the utmost exertions of the limited force connected with the National Museum, for its propertreatment. Ofcourse a strict record must be kept of everything received; and when the packages are opened and the contents assorted, the work of registering and recording begins. Sometimes this requires the identification of the species; and even the mere manual labor of numbering and label- ing every specimen, and marking the corresponding record in the registry- book, is one of very great magnitude.
After the respective collections have been properly investigated, and in many cases elaborate reports written concerning them, the selection of a reserve series for the Museum begins, which are then either placed upon the shelves or packed away for future treatment. The duplicates, which constitute a large percentage of the whole, are set aside for ex-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 49
change with other museums or for distribution to educational institu- tious.
Special effort is directed on the part of the Smithsonian Institution toward carrying out this feature of the plan in the most thorough manner; and while the distribution thus made in 1873 has been very extensive, that for 1874 will be even greater still.
It is in this particular feature that the National Museum of the United States differs from almost any other in the world, excepting, perhaps, - in a single direction only, the Government Geological Museum at Vienna.
In most other museums single specimens only of objects are offered or accepted, especially of such as are rew to the cabinet, the labor of digesting the results of great expeditions being accomplished under other auspices, no plan being adopted to utilize any surplus, in any other interest than that of the establishment itself. The British Mu- -seum, for instance, which stands at the head of all institutions of this kind, never parts with a duplicate, and is oppressed by the weight of its surplus material, even though in small proportion to the reserve collec- tion.
It is a question whether any museum in the world is in receipt of so great an amount of material as the National Museum at Washington; and were the rule of the British Museum to prevail it would be crushed by the weight of its own riches. The constant effort, however, on the part of the Smithsonian Institution to utilize this material in the interest of science and education, tends to keep down the mass, though it is only at the expense of the incessant activity and constant labor of the Museum force that this object is in any measure accomplished.
In most public museums there is a corps of specialists whose business it is to supervise all the collections received, the British Museum havy- ing a large force of such officers. The funds available for the National Museum of the United States do not authgrize the appointment of such officers, although some of the present assistants are prominent special- ists in certain branches. In order, therefore, to secure the prompt de- termination of the material received, and the consequent speedy dis- posal of the duplicates, the offers of assistance from eminent scientists, so frequently made, are gladly accepted, and the material placed in their hands for investigation. During the year this labor has been performed, always gratuitously, by a number of gentlemen, among whom may be - mentioned Prof. E. D. Cope as employed in the investigation of the fos- si mammals; Dr. Coues, Mr. J. A. Allen, and Mr. Ridgway on that of the birds; Professor Cope, of the reptiles; Dr. Gill, Professor Goode, and Mr. J. W. Milner, of the fishes; Mr. P. R. Uhler, Mr. William H. Edwards, Dr. A. 8. Packard, Mr. Cyrus Thomas, and Dr. L. Le Conte, of the insects; and Mr. William G. Binney and others, of the shells.
Professor Verrill has undertaken the determination of the collection of marine invertebrates obtained from the waters of the east coast of the Daited States, with the assistznce of Mr. S. J. Smith, Dr. Packard,
50 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Professor Hyatt, and other gentlemen, while Prof. D. Haton has identi- fied the marine plants. To these gentlemen, the thanks of the Institu- tion are due for their extremely valuable services in the connection re- ferred to.
On the transfer of the large number of ethnological objects from the lower hall and the connecting range to the new room in the second story, much space will be gained for the re-arrangement of the zoological collections, and an opportunity will be given for introducing many species which are now necessarily kept elsewhere, for the want of accom- modations. It may, however, be proper to state that for the exhibition of the full series of objects now in possession of the Institution, and not including any unnecessary duplicates, much ampler accommodations will be needed than can be had in the building, and if these are to be displayed as they should be it will be necessary at no distant day to provide means for extending the space, either by a transfer of the entire collec- tion to new buildings or by making additions to that of the Smithsonian Institution.
In illustration of this statement, it may be remarked that, of sixty- seven thousand specimens of birds entered in the catalogues of the museum, and of which more than forty thousand are on hand, (the remainder having been distributed,) less than five thousand are mounted and on exhibition, these occupying fully two-fifths of the pres- ent hall; the rest are preserved as skins, in chests, drawers, and boxes, and of them fifteen thousand, or three times the number at present on exhibition, require to be displayed for the proper illustration of even American ornithology.
The urgency for additional room is still greater for the mammals. Here, out of some five or six thousand specimens, less than so many hun- dred are exhibited, the remainder alone being almost sufficient to occupy half of the hall. Of many thaqusands of skeletons of mammals, birds, rep- tiles, and fishes, a very small percentage is shown to the public, while exhibition-room to the amount of thousands of square feet is required for specimens that now occupy drawers in side apartments.
Of the very large colleetion of alcoholic specimens, which constitute the most important materialin every public museum, scarcely anything is on exhibition, although the selection of a single series for this purpose is very desirable.
The new ethnological gallery, already referred to, even now is scarcely adequate to accommodate a complete series of the ethnological specimens on hand, without taking into consideration the number that the explora- tions of the past few years may lead us to expect for the future.
It is, however, very gratifying to be able to state, that if the proper plan of a national museum for the United States should be to make it an exponent of the ethnology, and of the animal, vegetable, and mineral treasures of America, this can be considered as in a great measure already accomplished, especially for North America, and to a very con-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 51
siderable degree for the middle and southern portions of the New World. All thatis now required by the Institution for the presentation of such a series is proper accommodations and the means necessary to prepare and exhibit the same.
With the vast number of duplicates on hand it is always easy to secure, in the way of exchange with foreign collections, nearly all the objects desired from other parts of the world, and it will probably never be necessary to ask for funds, to any extent, to secure such articles by purchase—an expense which constitutes the principal outlay of most foreign museums.
Mineralogical Collection.—The following is an account of the mineral- ogical department, by Dr. F. M. Endlich, who has charge of this branch of the museum:
The mineralogical department of the United States National Museum (placed by Congress under the charge of the Smithsonian Institution) comprises four divisions:
I. Mineralogy. Iif. Ores. Il. Lithology. IV. Metallurgy.
The collection of minerals occupies twelve cases, and numbers upwards of 3,000 specimens, belonging to 230 species. These minerals are col- lected from al] parts of the globe, obtained to a considerable extent from the United States Government expeditions, and by exchange and dona- tions. Dana’s system of mineralogy has been chosen to serve as a basis for the arrangement of the different species and groups, and, in order to render the collection of use to the visitor or student, a very elaborate system of labelling has been adopted. Every specimen, unless too large, is placed in a paste-board tray, which contains, at the same time, a label giving the name of the mineral, the chemical composition, crystalline form, if any, locality, and the name of the donor. At the beginning of each species in the continuous row is placed a printed ‘ species-label,” giving the name and chemical composition, and distinguished from the rest by a red border. To the front edge of its tray every specimen has attached a printed label with black border, showing the name and _lo- cality. In case the mineral is not contained in a tray this label is placed in some conspicuous position near it. The printed labels are so distrib- uted as to be easily read by the visitor, at the same time disposed in such a manner as not to obstruct the view of the specimen. Large printed “ division-labels” are placed at the head of each of the six divi- sions adopted by Professor Dana.
This system of labelling will enable the student to see at once the name, composition, and locality of any mineral, and will show him its position in the adopted system of classification. Besides these precau- tionary measures, to preserve the history of every individual specimen, a number is written on every specimen, corresponding to one in the mineral record, in which the labels are entered.
52 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Several very rare and valuable specimens of meteoric iron and other minerals are contained in the collection. In the appendix is given an alphabetical list of species at present represented in the museum. The enumeration of the species is based upon the catalogue of minerals pub- lished by the Smithsonian Institution in 1863.
The lithological collection occupies thirteen cases, and comprises about 2,300 specimens. Of the various species and variety of rocks thus far known and described the greater part is represented. An ar- rangement has been temporarily adopted by which the specimens are arranged according to their collector, at the same time, however, retain- ing a certain lithological classification. A large quantity of these speci- mens has been brought in by the expeditions exploring the Western Ter- ritories, and thus a very valuable and unique collection has resulted.
A full suite of Saeman’s (Paris) rocks is contained in the collection, besides a suite from Freiberg, Saxony, and other European specimens. Eventually the collection is to be arranged according to locality, follow- ing, within these bounds, some definite lithological system. A system of labeling analogous to that adapted for the minerals will be intro- duced. The size of the lithological specimens is that of similar ones in a large number of European collections—3 inches by 4 inches—giving the collection a pleasing, uniform appearance, and facilitating the ar- rangement.
Three cases are occupied by the collection of ores, which comprises about five hundred specimens. The object of this collection is to present a characteristic specimen of ore from every worked lode in the West- ern States and Territories. Every year comparatively large additions are made. These ores are labeled, giving the name, the value as ore, (if known,) the name of the mine, its locality, and the name of the donor. If this collection be completed successfully it will prove to be a very valuable addition to the mining statistics, and will justly illustrate the mineral wealth of the United States.
A collection of metallurgical products has been organized, proposing to show the ores, fluxes, slags, raw and commercial products, illustrating the various processes in operation in the United States and other coun- tries. As yet this collection is small, but it may be hoped that as soon as its existence and object becomes more generally known, the neces- sary contributions of specimens will not be wanting.
Besides these collections, representing typical specimens, the museum contains a very complete and handsome series of the geyserites and other similar deposits from the United States National Park. Series il- lustrating various localities famous for their yield of minerals, such as Wieliczka, in Polish Austria, Girgenti, in Sicily, and others, have been obtained. The mineralogical and geological material collected and res- cued by the North Polar Expedition, under the late Captain Hall, forms one of these interesting suites.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 53
Altogether there are upward of 6,300 specimens on exhibition; over 800 are on hand, to be incorporated during the present year, and almost daily new material swells the collection.
In connection with the mineralogical department is the mineral ex- change. A large number of mineral duplicates, upwards of 10,000, is on hand, and these, having been classified and arranged in series, will be distributed to institutions of learning or disposed of in exchange in order to increase the main collection. A limited number of good duplicates is kept on hand—deposited in drawers—to serve for foreign exchange and to afford material for study, should it be required.
Photographs of antiquities in the British Museum.—Among the additions to the museum is a Series of photographs of the most valuable contents of the British Museum, systematically made and arranged with the defi- nite object of showing man’s gradual advance and the development of civilization from pre-historic to medizeval times. These were made by S. Thompson, with the consent of the trustees of the museum, for W. A. Mansell & Co., of London, as proprietors, and have in part been pre- sented by them to the Institution. Theseries consists of nearly a thousand plates and is grouped in seven parts:
I. Pre-historiec and ethnographical series. Il. Egyptian series. IIl. Assyrian series. IV. Grecian series. VY. Etruscan and Roman series. VI. Antiquities of Britain and foreign medizval art.
VII. Seals of sovereigns, corporations, &c.
They will be placed on exhibition at the Institution in the large hall as soon as the cases are prepared to receive them. These photographs are a valuable contribution to the means of diffusing a knowledge of the largest ethnological collection in the world, and will serve as original materials for the use of the historian, scholar, and art-student. The publication of a work of this magnitude has necessarily caused an enor- mous outlay, and the proprietors are obliged to seek the support of men of culture, for whom it has been prepared. It gives us pleasure to recognize the importance to art and science of this new application of photography, and to recommend it to public institutions and gentlemen of fortune. It is not necessary to point out how valuable such a work would be to any library or museum, particularly in a country where but few can have the opportunity of’ seeing and still fewer that of studying the originals represented.
CORRESPONDENCE.
An immense amount of labor is every year devoted to correspondence, which includes subjects relating to almost every branch of human
54 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
thought. Among the communications are many which relate to supposed scientific discoveries and proposed new theories of the physical phenom- ena of the universe.
There exists, especially in this country, in which there is a greater amount of popular diffusion of scientific knowledge than in any other, a class of persons who, without previous scientific training, attempt to solve the most difficult problems of general physics. Among these are men of considerable literary culture and much general reading, but wanting in the special kind of logical and mathematical training neces- sary for successful scientific investigation, they dissipate a large amount of mental energy in unproductive speculations. The correspondence with this class of persons is not only very onerous, but difficult to man- age, Inasmuch as the rejection of their propositions is generally attrib- uted to prejudice or a kind of scientific oligarchy. The general method which has been adopted for dealing with them is to insist upon their deducing from their hypotheses some new results which can be immediately verified by experiment and observation, as a test of the value of their speculations. This demand is made on the ground that any hypothesis of value must not only explain what is already known, but must also lead to results which have not previously been observed.
Another class of correspondents write for information as to scientific principles on which to found inventions for special purposes. Among this class we have had within the last few years a large number of gentle men of intelligence in the Southern States, who seek to retrieve fortunes lost in the war by inventions which may become remunerative through the sale of privileges for using them. Unfortunately, in most cases the problems they essay are of too expensive a character to be brought to the test of experience without the outlay of a large amount of money, and frequently of too indefinite a conception to warrant success even under the most favorable circumstances. The most remunerative inven- tions are those of very simple character, and of general use, such as a sewing-machine, rather than a steam-engine.
Another class of correspondents consists of those who ask for the information as to minerals, plants, and other objects of natural history. In the answers to these the Institution has done great service in the as- sistance of students, and in the diffusion, unostentatiously, of a large amount of knowledge.
In carrying on the correspondence and other parts of the general operations of the establishment, much assistance has been rendered by the collaborators of the Institution, among whom, during the past year, our thanks are due to Prof. S. Newcomb, Prof. W. Harkness, and Prof. Asaph Hall, of the Naval Observatory; Prof. J. E. Hilgard, C. A. Schott, and Prof. William Ferrel, of the Coast Survey; Dr. Woodward and Dr. Otis, of the Army Medical Museum; Prof. J. P. Lesley and W. E. Dubois, of Philadelphia; Prof. W. D. Whitney and Prof. J. D. Dana,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 55.
of New Haven; J. H. Trumbull, of Hartford ; Prof. F. L. O. Roehrig, of ithaca, New York; Dr. Henry Wurtz and Prof. Raymond, of New York; Dr. L. D. Gale, Kdw. Clark, esq., W. Q. Force, Prof. C. Abbe, of Washington, and others, especially in natural history, mentioned in connection with the operations of the museum.
WORK DONE IN THE INSTITUTION AND IN CONNECTION WITH OTHER ESTABLISHMENTS.
The Secretary, in addition to the general direction of the scientific operations of the Institution, has continued during the past year his investigations in regard to fog-signals and other aids to navigation, and has discharged the duties of chairman of the Light-House Board, visitor to the Government Hospital for the Insane, president of the National Academy of Sciences, and trustee of the Corcoran Art Gallery.
Professor Baird, the assistant secretary, in addition to the arrange- ment of the materials received by the museum, making up duplicates for distribution, and the general direction of the system of exchanges, has continued the duties with which he was charged by the President of the United States in accordance with the law of Congress, namely, that of prosecuting an inquiry into the present condition of the fisheries of the coast and lakes, and the suggestion of methods for their improvement. As in 1871 and 1872, he spent the principal part of the summer season in carrying on his mission. He established himself on Peak’s Island in Portland Harbor, where, with a large force of volunteer naturalists, he was engaged from July until October.
The law of Congress under which his work is carried on directs the departments of the Government to render him all the aid in their power, and in pursuance of this the Secretary of the Navy placed at his dispo- sition the United States steam-tug Blue Light, under Commander L. A. Beardslee, United States Navy, properly fitted for her purposes and provided with all the apparatus necessary for deep-sea research; and with the co-operation of Prof. A. E. Verrill, an eminent zoologist of Yale College, his associate in this work, he succeeded in solving many of the problems of the inquiry, as well as in securing at the same time a great amount of material in the way of specimens of marine animals for the National Museum, embracing a very large uumber of species, among them numerous forms entirely new or previously unknown on our coast.
In addition to the examination and classification of the minerals which have been received at the Institution, and making up sets for distribu- tion, Dr. Endlich has made a qualitative-examination of a large number of specimens of minerals which have been submitted for that purpose to the Institution. For purposes of education the Institution furnishes. qualitative determinations of mineralogical specimens, but in no case: will it undertake to furnish percentages of the different components ot
56 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
specimens, or give certificates for commercial purposes of their value. In regard to work of this class, the following rules have been adopted:
1. All applications for the examination of specimens must be made by letter, addressed ‘Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.”
2. The specimens examined, or a part of them, will be retained by the Institution.
3. All specimens are to be delivered to the Institution free of expense.
Mr. Meek, who still retains his connection with the Smithsonian In- stitution, has continued during the past year his paleontological inves- tigations relative to the specimens collected by various State and Gen- eral Government surveys. He spent last summer in Colorado in the in- vestigation of the geology of the region, returned to Washington in October, but on account of the weak condition of his lungs he thought it prudent to spend the present winter in Jlorida, carrying with him a part of his library and a series of specimens with which to continue his work.
Dr. Theodore Gill, who has special charge of the Smithsonian deposit in the Library of Congress, and devotes his extra time in the Institution to natural history, has been engaged during the past year in the study of the vertebrates generally, the results of which have been partially published in a memoir on the number of classes of vertebrates and their natural relations. . He has also revised the nomenclature of the marine fishes of our eastern coast from Greenland to Florida, and prepared a catalogue.of them for the report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, and has, at the request of the same officer, investi- gated the genus Micropterus, comprising the black-bass, &c., and defi- nitely established its species and nomenclature.
The Institution in 1870, fitted up a photographie apartment, under the charge of Mr. T. W. Smillie, in which photographs are taken of specimens of archeology and of natural history for illustrating the pub- lications of the Institution, and for distribution to other museums. During the past year a large number of food-fishes and prehistoric re- mains have been photographed.
The specimens of the Institution are open to all investigators for study, and no work of importance on natural history has been published within the last twenty vears in this country which has not been in- debted to this establishment for the use of materials and other facilities in its production. The same privilege has been granted, under certain restrictions, to the officers of the Institution, and Professor Baird has availed himself of this by employing his leisure time for several years in the production of an extensive work on North American ornithology. In this enterprise Professor Baird has associated with himself Dr. Thos. M. Brewer, of Boston, and Mr. Robert Ridgeway, of Illinois. The work is published by Messrs. Little & Brown, of Boston, who have printed
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 57
three volumes, quarto size, embracing the land-birds. A second part, that on the water-birds, is in an advanced state of preparation, and the whole will be published within the year 1874. The work is fully illus- trated by engravings finely executed in wood-cuts and in colored plates, and it is believed will meet a want long felt and expressed as to a man- ual of American ornithology.
CONCL OSION.
From the foregoing statements it will be evident that the Institution is still in a prosperous condition ; that it is continually increasing in usefulness and reputation ; that, although the current operations will be somewhat impeded during 1874 by the failure of the First National Bank, yet the effect of this loss will be but temporary; and that, with the appropriation from Congress for the care of the museum, the legitimate objects of the Institution can be prosecuted with more energy than heretofore.
Respectfully submitted.
JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary, WASHINGTON, January, 1874,
APPENDIX TO THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY,
Table showing the number of entries in the record-books of the Smithsonian Museum at the
close of the years 1872 and 1873, respectively.
¥
1873.
Class. 1872.
Skeletomsramd okra si yc) ee ae See NES Pe a Aan ee rae ee COs 12,450 | 13,290 INE cal caveel RS eateatarg Sele nteear oie inael hand AE a eit cba a edie, let cea eine ‘by PILI, 2S Binds} sous. uaz Poa ree sama sual UE xe ee Gib ake UE Duka eons 62,718 | 65, 950 IRE ee SE aOR aInU mene eee Smarr RE A A es 7, 729 8,222 MEISHG Siecle hE PE aa a er Cec yar ect Perea terre a eer a RRB 9758 | 125514 Hees of birds iecenasth. aie. ees sec We eed. Sees eA) WOR Oa eR a. Crustaceans: sos aes he eee eee ce oe een ere eal aera ates ap beers heaegegett a nas Day Wer? 2, 194 Mollusks sac ce ctoe fos Sse hs ee Se ALG SOM TaN 24,792 | 24,792 Radilates Abs x8e6 55 ces if Se GREG See eee CR os Be ec aN 3, 107 3, 139 HATA = HCG He spencer men ene aD ne PH AA a SORE EVES Oe Ean 100 100 Fosstlsyinvertebrate Yi 2h Sik 2 SEs Ne Ue as ae 7,715 hohe) AIVESTIA re SAS Nee ey ers, PS BNE ae I STEVE eel ae ay ie aC NER 7, 167 8, 108 Eohwolocicalyspecimensi ec saeieaerieeee) “cele eee eee eee ere 11,609 | 13, 084
Motalies 2 ciisseemppsts sed cepiohe es seccpe me | eens ces nares ae ON AO aS INCREAS Sib Os MST ies see ses eee ea ae aap eat aU RI Ue 10,704
Approximate table of distribution of duplicate specimens to the end of 1873.
Distribution tothe} Distribution | Total to end of end of 1872. during 1873. 1875.
Class. 2 az a
2 : Se ae 8 :
Sy S iy a a a
oD) 2) D oD) oD D Skeletons and skulls ..---.---- 344 864 45 250 389 1,114 Mammal sv eerie eins aes Sills aan 963 1, 890 75 | 1,100 1, 038 2, 990 BIG S eee eee eee eerie 24,069 | 37, 095 511 790" | 24,580) 37, 885 Reptiles) 2e2 - eR OL ey 1, 841 2, 970 134 250 1,975 3, 220 ishesip areca eee we ae 2,517 5, 398 200 350 Be, le 5, 748 Hees of bind sess. eee eee 6,627 | 16,720 49 50 6,676 | 16,770 Sells ree ee ea. loi 84, 6i7 | 187, 192 20 100 | 84,637 | 187,292 @xrustaceans wee ee uae ewe 1,078 PANO) Ui bSeeycae elaine aes 1,078 2, 650 VACA TES Messe eyes ae 583 TOSI on Seed [pee tee 583 773 Other marine invertebrates... 1, 544 SLOOP ee By eecet 32 1, 844 5, 160 Plants and packages of seeds . 20,370 | 29,705 | 3,000 | 10,000 | 23,3870 | 39,705 Fossils .......- Soe 4,112 TO AAs eee ens RAE eros 4,112 10, 141 Minerals snd rocks........ -- oe 5,313 | 10, 702 140 450 5p 453 a ell a2 Ethnological specimens a NN 1, 676 1,739 210 230 1, 86 1, 969 Insects ... IN ESE ie ep ete 2, 248 4,294 500 | 2, 000 2, 748 6, 294 Diatomaceous earths .......- LE 58 - 662 25 150 3 812 otal Soles. I 5S, 260/31 GB GEO Set Oe GBM OOs | oan0o0
ADDITIONS: TO THE COLLECTIONS. 59
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION (UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM) IN 1873.
Abbott, Chas. C.—One bottle specimens, fish, (Hybognathus osmerinus,) from Trenton, N. J.
Addison, Mr.—Skin of plover (Charadrius Azare) from Brazil.
Agassiz, Prof. Lowis.—(See under Cambridge.)
Aiken, C. H.—A collection of birds from Colorado.
Alcorn, Hon. J. £.—One Indian pipe from Coahoma County, Miss.
Alden, George J.—Skins of blue heron (Florida cerulea) and avocet (Recurvirostra americana) from Manatee, Fla.; one specimen (tcetal) of opossum (Didelphys virginiana) from New Smyrna, Fla.
Allen, Prof. J. A.—(See under Washington, War Department, U. 8. A.,
Yellowstone Expedition.)
Alth, Dr. Alois.—(See under University of Krakau.)
Ames, James T.—A collection of minerals from the: Chester, Mass., emery-mines.
Anderson, H. G.—One box of minerals from Wisconsin.
Anderson, W.—Indian stone implements from Brownsville, Ohio.
Andrews, Prof. H. B—A meteorite from Concord, Ohio.
Armitage, J.—(See under W. F. Wheeler.)
Ashbaugh, Dr. A.—Five Indian skulis, three stone axes, three pipes, and one stone pestle, from the West.
Atkins, C. G.—Four boxes of fresh fish for casting from Bucksport, Me.
Austin, H. P.—Indian stone implements from Michigan.
Avery, Dr. W. H.—One skin, pigeon hawk, (Falco columbarius,) from Greensborough, N. C.
Baird, Prof. Spencer F.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Baker, Isaac C.—One Indian stone implement from Scarborough, Me.
Ball, J. W.—One stone pestle from Ball’s Bluff, Va.
Barnum, Phineas T.—Specimens in the flesh of Malayan tapir, (Rhino- cherus sumatranus;) Bactrian camel, (Camelus bactrianus ;) Drome- dary, (Camelus dromedarius ;) African panther, (Felis, sp.;) mandril, (Cynocephalus ;) rhinoceros; manatee, (Manatus americanus ;) and a Shetland pony ten days old.
Barringer, Paul.—Nest and egg of blue yellow-backed warbler (Parula Americana) from Mebanesville, N. C.
Batty, J. H—One mounted specimen ruffed grouse (Bonasa wmbellus) from Bloomfield, N. Y.; two boxes of birds from New York. (See also under Washington, Interioy Department, United States Geological Survey.)
Belknap, Commodore G. E., United States Navy—(See under Washing- ton, Navy Department, Bureau of Navigation.)
i
60 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Bendire, Capt. Chas., United States Cavalry.—One box of birds’ nests and eggs, from Arizona.
Bessels, Dr. Hmil.—(See under Washington, Navy Department, Polaris expedition.)
Bissell, Geo. R.—Specimen of hair-worm (Gordius, sp.) from Iroudale, Mo. .
Blaine, John H.—One box of minerals from Montana.
Blossom, J. B.—One box of salmon from Bathurst, N. 8S.
Blunt, Capt. A. P., Quartermaster’s Department, United States Army.— Head and horns of mountain sheep, (Ovis montana.)
Boardman, Geo. A.—One box of salmon from Calais, Me.; one bird- skin.
Boisnuier, Hdward.—One box of white-fish from Sandwich, Ont.
Bonsall, J. Vincent.—One box of minerals from Rising Sun, Md.
Booth, H.—Shells from the west coast of North America.
Boyd, S. H.—Specimens of crade salt from Lincoln, Nebr.
Bradley, Prof. F. H.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, United States Geological Survey.)
Breed, H. H.—Eggs of duck-hawk (Falco anatum) from Embarrass, Wis.
Brendel, F.—A collection of plants from Peoria, III.
Benner, Franklin.—Skins of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) and Tern (Sterna bairdii, n. 8.) from Portland, Me.
Brooks, T. B.—One box of minerals from Marquette, Mich.
Bryan, O. Ni—Human bones from mounds in Iowa; stone implements from Maryland.
Cambridge, Mass., Museum of Comparative Zoology, (Prof. Louis Agas- siz.) A series of casts of the crania of Mastodon giganteus from the Wyman series.
Campbell, Archibald.—(See Washington, northern boundary survey.) Carpenter, Capt. W. L.,United States Infantry.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, United States Geological Survey.)
Case, J.—Quartz arrow-heads from Troy, Pa.
Case, R. A.—One box of birds’ eggs from North Lawrence, Kans.
Casey, T. L., jr—Collections of shells from Florida and Cuba.
Caton, Hon. J. D.—Skins of mule-deer, (Cervus macrotis ;) black-tail deer, (Cervus Columbianus ;) and hybrid deer, from his park in Ottawa, Il.; specimens of petrified wood from California.
Cheney, Simeon F'.—Skeleton of sea-seal (Hrignathus barbatus) from Grand Manan, N. B.
Chicago, Academy of Sciences, Dr. J. W. Velie-—Twelve eggs of ‘‘ man- of-war bird,” (Zachypetes aquila.)
Christ Church, New Zealand, Canterbury Museum, Dr. Julius Haast.—A collection of bird-skins ; a collectiort of stone implements of the Moa hunters; a collection of Dinornis bones from Kjoekken-moeddings; complete skeletons of Dinornis giganteus and Palapteryx elephantopus,
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 61
and the leg-bones of Dinornis gracilis, Dinornis casuarius, and Dinornis didiformis, all from New Zealand.
Clark, Dr. EH. J—One Indian stone maul.
Olark, John M.—Specimens of Indian pottery from Milledgeville, Ga.
Olarke, Stephen.—One box of minerals from Virginia.
Clements, Mr., United States surveyor-general for Utah.—One package of ores from Utah.
Ooe, W. W.—Nest and skin of warbling fly-catcher (Vireo gilvus) from Portland, Conn.
Cole, Seward.—One seal-gut coat from Alaska.
Coleman, Geo. S.—One specimen of clay from Kosse, Tex.
Cooper, Dr. J. G.—One box of bird-skins from California.
Cooper, W. A.—Skinus of king-bird (Ceryle alcyon) and Cassin’s fly-
- eatcher, (Tyrannus vociferans,) and eggs of Gairdner’s woodpecker, (Picus Gairdneri,) and chestnut-backed tit, (Parus rufescens,) from Santa Cruz, Cal.
Copley, Charles L.—Two tanks of fishes in alcohol from Tontplinevill Staten Island, N. Y.
Coues, Dr. Elliott, United States Army.—Bird-skins from Arizona; skins, skeletons, and skulls of mammals; birds from Fort Randall. (See also Washington ; Department of State; Northern boundary survey.)
Oowdrey, Dr. S. G., United States Army, (through Army Medical Mu- seum.)—Cast skin of black-snake (Bascanion constrictor) and rattles of rattlesnake (Caudisona confluenta) from Fort Larned, Kansas.
Crawford, J. A.—Indian pottery from Davenport, Iowa.
Cushman, Doctor.—Indian stone implements from Wiscasset, Me.
Dall, Wm. H., Coast Survey U. 8. A.—Twenty-seven boxes and kegs of general zoological and ethnological collections from the Aleutian Islands.
Day, Mr.—Specimens of sandstone and lignite from Maryland.
Delaney, Hon. John, postmaster-general of Newfoundland.—Bones of (Phoca, sp.) and great auk, (Alea impennis ;) two bottles specimens of capelin (Mallotus villosus) from St. John’s, Newfoundland.
Dille, I.—Specimens of tourmaline and lignite from Washington, D.C.
Douglas, Charles.—Two specimens, in the flesh, of evening grosbeak (Hesperiphona vespertina) from Waukegan, Il.
Hbaugh, David.—One box of minerals from Maryland.
Edmunds, M. C.—Specimens of smelt (Osmerus, sp.) from Lake Cham- plain. :
Edwards, Vinal N.—(See under Washington ; Interior Department ; United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Elliott, Henry W., special agent Treasury Department United States—Five boxes of bird-skins, nests, and eggs from the Prybiloy Islands, Beh- ring Sea.
Elliott, Capt. Jas.—One specimen dyinefish (Exocotus, sp.) from Brazil. ,
Endlich, Dr. F. M.—A collection of minerals from Europe. (See also
=
62 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS,
under Washington ; Interior Department ; United States Geological Sur- vey.) |
Evans, W. W.—One box of pottery and silver articles from Peru.
Feuchtwanger, Dr. Louis.—One box of minerals.
Fitzhugh, D. H—Specimens of grayling (Thymallus tricolor) from Au Sable River, Michigan.
Foreman, Mrs.—Chipped flints from Hot Springs, Arkansas.
Fortin, P—One skin cod-fish (Gadus morrhua) from Canada, (type of Gadus ductor, Fortin.)
Frellick, Capt. John.—One specimen sea-horse (Hippocampus, sp.\ from Saint George’s Banks.
Fuller, A. N.—Two nests and six eggs Bell’s pe catcher (Vireo Belli) from Lawrence, Kans.
Gabb, Prof. William M.—Seven boxes general collections from the Tala- manea expedition, Costa Rica.
Garland, William H.—A specimen in the flesh of western red-tailed hawk (Buteo calurus) from Amherst County, Virginia.
Gatch, S. H.—One paekage of plants from Oregon.
Giles, Norwood.—One box of birds’ nests from Wilmington, N. C.
Gizer, B. F.—One Lepidopterous larva from Stoyestown, Pa.
Glover, Lieut. Russell, United States Revenue-Marine.—Fossil-shells from vicinity of Baltimore, Md.
Goode, G. Brown.—(See under Middletown ; Museum of Middletown Uni- versity ; also under Washington ; Interior Department ; United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Gorman, Cook.—One box of minerals from Talladega County, Alabama.
Gray, Dr. John Edward, British Museum.—A colleetion of fishes.
Green, H. A.—One specimen of arragonite from Atco, N. J.
Green, Seth.—One box of fish from Rochester, N. Y.
Haast, Dr. Julius.—(See under Christ Church, Canterbury Museum.)
Hale, Dr. J. D.—One Indian arrow-head from Fentress County, Ten- nessee.
Hamlin, Dr. A. C.—One specimen of meteorite from Searsmount, Me.
Hammond, Dr. John F., United States Army.—Two alleged asses’ skulls from Texas.
Hanna, George B.—One box of minerals from North Carolina.
Hardenburgh, L. h., United States surveyor-general for California.— Ten packages of minerals from California.
Harford, G. H.—One box of ethnological specimens from California.
Harrington, C.—One egg of blue-tailed kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) from Florida; one egg of Allen’s towhee, (Pipilo Allen.)
Harris, N. H.—One pox of minerals from Claiborne County, Missis- SIppi.
Hays, W. W.—One skin of rail (Rallus Virginianus) from San Luis Obispo, Cal.
Heaton, J. C.—One specimen of beetle from Victoria, Tex.
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 63
Henshaw, H. W.—(See under Washington; War Department ; United States Army surveys west of the one hundredth parallel.)
' Holden, Prof. William.—(See under Marietta ; Marietta College.)
Hollenbush, H. W.--One large stalactite from Crystal Cave, Berks County, Pennsylvania.
Hoopes, William A.—Specimens of native silver from Isle Royale, Mich.
Homer, Dr. Frederick, United States Navy.—A. branch of a tree injured by hail.
Hough, Dr. F. B.—One box of ethnological specimens.
Howard, A. M.—Specimens of Indian pottery from New Mexico.
Hurlbut, G. H.—One skeleton of pinchaca or danta, (Tapirus pinchaque,) one banana in alcohol from Costa Rica; two boxes of bird-skins from Bogota.
Jewett, Col. H.—One box of ethnological specimens from Florida.
Johnston, CU. H.—One specimen of horned toad (Phrynosoma, sp.) from Saint George, Utah.
Kelly, F. X.—One nest of tarantula spider.
Kelly, Robert.—One specimen of pyrite.
Krakau University, Dr. Alois Alth.—A series of minerals from the Wieliezka salt-mines.
Lanman, Chas.—A collection of minerals from Virginia.
Leaming, Dr. F.—One cast of Indian stone implement from Jefferson County, Indiana.
Lee, Mary J.—A collection of minerals from Bremond, Tex.
Leonard, H. L.—One box of land-locked salmen, (Salmo sebago,) fresh specimens, from Lubec Pond, Maine.
Lente, W. K.—A collection of bird-skins from the West Indies.
Lockhart, W. T.—One specimen of cinnabar from Oakville, Cal.
Love, W. C.—Specimens of fossil-shells from Marlborough, Md.
Ludington, C.—Specimens of oyster (Ostrea Virginianus) from the Po- tomae River.
Luptor, 8S. &.—A collection of minerals from West Virginia.
Lyon, Hon. Caleb.—One package of eggs.
McFarlane, R., Hudson Bay Company.—Skin of fetal eight-legged beaver (Castor Canadensis) from Fort Simpson, Hudson Bay Territory.
Mckinley, Wiliiam.—Ancient Indian funeral-urn from Miliedgeville, Ga.
McRae, John, Hudson Bay Company.—One skin of black marmot (Are- tomys monax, melanistic) from Athabasca.
Mains, M. P.—One box of fossils from Bull River, 8. C.
Marietta, O., Marietta College, Prof. William Holden.—A collection of reptiles and fishes from Hastern Ohio, (deposited.)
Marshall, U. S.—(See under W. F. Wheeler.)
Marvin, A. R.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, United States Geological Survey.)
64 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Maynard, C. J.—Sternum of martin (Progne subis) from Massachusetts.
Meigs, Gen. M. C.—Spoons made of buffalo-horn from the Yellowstone, one package of Indian implements from Arizona, skin and head of mule-deer, (Cervus macrotis,) one Indian stone-chisel, a collection of cre- taceous fossils from Heart River, Mo., a specimen of terebratula, sp., from Ingleton, Ala., two packages of seeds of the “sujaro,” or giant cactus, from Arizona.
Merriam, O. Hart.—A collection of birds from Florida, six skins of pine- creeping warblers, (Dendreca pinus,) from Florida. (See also under Washington, Interior Department, United States Geological Survey.)
Middleton, Carman & Co.—(See under Washington, United States Com- mission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Middletown, Conn., Museum of Middletown University, G. Brown Goode.— A collection of fishes from the Bermuda Islands, a collection of min- erals from Connecticut. (See also under Washington, United States Comission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Moore, C. k.—A living specimen of salamander (Amblystoma vigrinum) from Johnstown, Va.
Moore, Col. James M., United States Army.—Skin of puma (Felis con- color) from Wyong Territory.
Moore, W. H.—A collection of fossils from Topeka, Kans.
Moses, F. K.—One Indian stone implement, from Bucksport, Me.
Mann, Archibald.—The jaws of giant cuttle-fish (Octopus) from New- foundland.
Minn, Dr. O. H., United States Army.—Specimens of infusorial earth, Fort Woodworth, D. T.
Moreno, President, (through Hon. Rumsey Wing.)—Skeleton and mounted skin of pinchaea (Tapirus roulint) from Ecuador.
Newman, Joseph, (through Department of Agriculture.)—Arrow-heads, from Woodlawn, Md.
Nichols, Dr. C. H., Government Asylum for the Insane—A fresh speci- men of Huropean tame swan.
Ogden, Mr.—One bottle of insects from New Orleans.
Ogle, David G.—Minerals and ethnological specimens from Maryland.
Oudesluys, C. L.—Specimens of asbestos from Virginia and Maryland.
Owsley, Dr. J. B.—Specimen of fossil-wood from Butler County, Ohio.
Packard, Dr. A. S—(See under United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Paine, W. W.—Sword, &ec., from the wreck of the British vessel Rose, in the Savannah River, Ga.
Palmer, Hdward.—(See under United States Commission of Fish and iisheries.)
Pattison, H. A.—One box of fossils from Flint River, Ala.
Patton, A.—Ethnological specimens from Indiana.
Paxton, Capt. J. W., (through J. W. Milner.)—Ethnological specimens from Alpena, Mich.
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 65
Peale, Dr. A. O.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, United States Geological Survey.) Peck, P. P.—¥ossil shark’s teeth from Richmond, Va. Peelor, David.—Specimens of stickle-back (Gasterosteus, sp.) from Johns- town, Pa. Perrine, T. M.—Photographs and casts of Indian implements. Pickett, John T.—Cast of fossil (Cucullea gigantea) from the Hocene of Montgomery County, Ala. Pike, Capt. Nicholas, United States coasul.—A collection of shells from Mauritius. Plummer, EH. J.—Specimens of silver ores from California. Poey, Prof. Felipe, University of Havana.—One keg of alcoholic tishes and one box of skeletons of fishes from Cuba. Powell, Samuel.One specimen of file-fish (Monacauthus setifer) and other fishes, and eggs of Raia, from Narragansett Bay. Powell, Maj. J. W.—(See under Washington, Interior Department, Smith- sonian Institution.) Putnam, J. D.—One box of insects from Iowa. Quarles, B. M. pe Peciics of calcite from Healing Springs, Bath County, Va. Ray, G. H.—A collection of minerals from Arkansas. Reeder, H. J.—Specimens of fish (Percopsis guttatus) from vicinity of Easton, Pa. Reese, J. W.—Specimens of bark from Visalia, Cal. Khees, W. J.—Specimens of lignite from Fourteenth-street road, Wash- ington. fthoads, Dr. #.—Two specimens of fish (Dorosonia cepedianwn) from Shawneetown, Ill. Rhoads, Thomas.—One box of ethnological specimens from Ohio; one skin of Savannah sparrow (Passerculus savanna) from Florida. Ridgway, Robert.—A collection of birds and a specimen of mole (Sealops argentatus) from Mount Carmel, Ill.; specimens of Dermestes, sp. Rinker, James T.—One insect. Robertson, M. B.—One box of ores from Lynchburgh, Va. Robertson, &. S.—One box of Indian bones from mounds in Fort Wayne, Ind. Rockwell, H. H.—Specimens of vermiculite from Millbury, Mass. Rothrock, Dr. J. T.—(See under Washington, War Department, United States Army surveys west of the one hundredth parallel.) Royal College of Surgeons, London, England.—A mounted skeleton of jackal (Canis aureus.) Rusk, Hon. T. M.—One box of minerals from Virginia. Rutter, H.—One box of fish from Fredericton, N. B. Saint Paul, Minn., Academy of Natural Science.—Eggs of marbled god- wit (Limosa fedoa) from Saint Paul. D8
66 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Salisbury Musewn, Salisbury, England. W. Blackmore.—Four boomerangs from Australia.
Sanborn, J. K.—Minerals from Vermont.
Sarg, #.—One skin of Honduras turkey (Meleagris ocellata) from Hon- duras. Scammon, Capt. C. M., United States Revenue Marine.—Seven boxes of
cetacean skeletons from the Pacific.
Schlottmann, Dr. A.—One package of insects from Fayette County, Texas.
Schlienann, Dr. Henry.—A plaster-cast of Pheebus Apollo.
Schuermann, Carl W.—Larva of hickory-moth (Ceratocampa imperialkis) from Fairtax, Va.
Schumacher, Paul.—Ethnological collections from the Kjoekken Moed- dings in Oregon. ;
Seyboth, Robert, United States Signal Service, (through United States Signal Office.)—One specimen of Bohemian wax-wing (Ampelis gar- rulws) in the flesh from Pike’s Peak.
Shepard, Prof. C. U.u—One box of minerals.
Skillings, Robert F.—Indian stone implements from Peak’s Island, Me.
Slamm, Lieut. J. A., United States Revenue Marine.—Collection from shell-heaps, Rogue’s Island.
Smith, [saac D.—Specimens of Tarantula and nest from Arizona.
Sinith, S. W.—Specimens of sandstone frgm Brookville, Pa.
Smith, W. H.—Specimens of mica from Alabama.
‘Snow, A L.—Indian bones from caves in Hastern Tennessee and West Virginia. .
Soriano, M. S.—A series of bismuth ores from San Luis Potosi.
Southwell, J. H.—A collection of arrow-heads from Port Byron, IIL.
Spangler, George.—Three boxes of minerals, fossils, and Indian stone implements from Madison, Ind. Four specimens of shovel-nose stur- geon (Polyodon foliwm) from the Ohio River.
Spencer, Charles W.—One box of birds’ eggs.
Stanley, Col. D. S., United States Army.—A living specimen of kangaroo- rat (Dipodomys ordii) from the mouth of Powder River. (See also under Washington, War Department, Yellowstone expedition.)
Stevenson, James.—One skin of Neosorex from Mount Elbert, Colo.
Stille, Caroline B.—A. specimen, in the flesh, of cliff-swallow (Hirundo lunifrons) from Washington, D. C.
Stone, Livingston.—(See under United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Stuart, James.——One bottle of alcoholic orthoptera from Winnipeg, British America.
Sunichrast, Prof. F.—One skeleton of Baird’s tapir, (Hlasmognathus Bairdit,) one box of reptiles, and two boxes of skins and skeletons of mammals from Tehuantepec.
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 67
Swan, James G.—One box of ethnological specimens from Port Town- send, Wash. Terr.
Taylor, Charles M.—One box of minerals from West Virginia; one per- torated stone disk.
Thayer, Abbot H.—One skin of Traill’s fly-catcher (Himpidonax trailt?) from Brooklyn, N. Y.
Thompson, A. H.—(See under Washington, Interior Departnent, Survey of the Colorado.) sj.
Toner, Dr. J. M.—Specimen of intestinal worm.
Townsend, J. L.—One skin of green finch (Pipilo chlorura) from Salt Lake City.
Trefethen, W. S., G@ Oo.—(See under United States Conmission of Bish and Fisheries.)
Turner, Dr. S. S.—One specimen, in the flesh, of American magpie (Pica hudsonica) from Dakota.
Turner, Samuel.—A deformed head of fox squirrel (Scirus ludovici- anus) from Mount Carmel, Ill.
Velie, Dr. J. W.—(See under Chicago Academy of Sciences.)
Verrill, Prof. A. H.—(See under Washington, literior Department, United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries.)
Vetromile, Rev. Hugene.—A collection of Indian stone implements from Maine and New Brunswick, (deposited.)
Ward, Prof. H. A.—One skeleton of moose, (Alce Americanus.)
Washington, D. C.:
Department of State, U. 8. A., United States survey of the honhee boundary, (Hon. Archibald Carpal! commissioner. )—Zoological, botanical, and ethnological collections, made by Dr. Hiliot Coues, naturalist of the expedition.
Treasury Department, U. S. A.—(See under the name of H. W. Hlliott.)
United States Revenue Marine.—(See elsewhere, under the names of Capt. C. M. Scammon, Lieut. Russell Glover, and Lieut. J. A. Slamm.)
War Department, U.S. A.:
United States Army.—(See under the names of Gen. M. C. Meigs, Col. D. S. Stanley, Col. James M. Moore, Capt. A. P. Blunt, Capt. Charles Bendire, Capt. W. L. Carpenter.)
Surgeon-General’s Office: United States Army Medical Museum; (Dr. G. A. Otis in charge of division.)—Two Indian jars and one arrow-head from Florida; one Indian spear-head from Madison Barracks, N. Y. (See also under the names of Drs. J. F. Hammond, James F. Weeds, Elliott Coues, C. E. Munn, S. G. Cowdrey, and H. C. Yarrow, medical ofiicers, United States Army.)
Surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, (Lieut. G. M. Wheeler in charge.)—General zoological and botanical collections,
68 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
made by Dr. H. C. Yarrow, Mr. H. W. Henshaw, and Dr. J. T. Rothrock.)
Engineer and Quartermaster’s Department : Yellowstone Hxpedi- tion, (Col. D. S. Stanley in charge.)—Eighteen boxes general zoological, botanical, and geological collections, made by Prof. J. AL Allen.
Signal Service, U. S. A.—(See under the name of Sergeant Robert Seyboth.)
Navy Department, U. 8. A.: Bureau of Navigation, (Commodore Dan- iel Ammen.)—Specimens of deep-sea dredgings and of water from off the coast of California, United States steamer Tuscarora, Commander G. Belknap.
Polaris Expedition, (Captain C. F. Hall.)\—Zoological and geo- logical collections from Greenland, made by Dr. Emil Bessels.
Interior Department, U. 8. A.—Specimens of minerals from Cali- fornia.
General Land-Office—Iiron pipe from Cherokee County, North Carolina. (See also under the names of Surveyors-General Clements, L. k. Hardenburgh, and John Wasson.)
United States Geological Survey of the Territories, (Prof. F. Vv. Hayden in charge.)—Twenty boxes general zoological and geological collections from Wyoming, Utal, and Montana, made by Dr. A. C. Peale, Prof. F. H. Bradley, and C. H. Mer- riam ; thirty boxes from Colorado, by Dr. A. C. Peale, Dr. F M. Endlich, A. KR. Marvin, J. H. Batty, and Capt. W. L. Car penter.
United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, (Prof. S. F. Baird commissioner.)—Sixty boxes general zoological col- lections from Casco Bay, Me., and vicinity, by Prof. A. H. Verrill, G. Brown Goode, and Hdward Palmer; nineteen boxes of fish, &c., from the great lakes and the Ohio River, collected by J. W. Milner ; five boxes of fish from the Sacra- mento River, collected by Livingston Stone ; dredgings from the coast of New England, United States steamer Bache, by Proj. A. 8. Packard ; nine boxes of fishes from Wood’s Hole, Mass., collected by Vinal N. Edwards; three boxes of fish from Norfolk, Va., collected by W. H. Sibley; specimens of groper (Promicrops guasa) from Florida, and of turbot, (Ahom- bus maximus,) brill, (Rhombus levis,) and sole, (Solea vul- garis,) from England, from Middleton, Carman & Co. ; model of fishing-boat (dory) from Portland, Me.
Smithsonian Institution. Survey of the Colorado, (Maj. J. W. Powell in charge.)—Seventeen boxes of ethnological and geological collections from Southern Utah, made by Maj. J W. Powell and A. H. Thompson.
Department of Agriculture, (Hon. Frederick Watts, Commis
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. og
sioner.)—A collection of African implements; a fresh speci- men of lizard from South America; one specimen of arrago- nite from Suisun, Cal.; a collection of arrow-heads trom Charleston, S. C. (See elsewhere under other entries.) Wasson, John, United States surveyor-general for Arizonad.—Six pack- ages of ores from Arizona. Wevb, John S.—One box of shells, minerals, and fossils from Virginia ; fangs of banded rattlesnake (Caudisona horrida) from Kent’s Mill, Va. Webber, Mrs. F. P., (through Agricultural Department.) One jar of alcoholic reptiles from Marietta, Ga. Weber, H.—Specimens of minerals. Webster, T. Si—Two white eggs of blue-bird (seat sialis) from Troy, N.Y. Weeds, Dr. James F., United States Army.—A collection of lepidoptera from Fort Randall, Dakota. Wellborne, W. #.—A collection of minerals from Forest City, Ark. Wheeler, Liewt. G. M., United States Army.—(See under Washington, War Department, U. S. A.) Wheeler, W. F., United States marshal, and J. Armitage.—One skin of mountain sheep, (Ovis montana.) White, ¥. 7.—Minerals from Weldon, N. C. White, D. Morgan.—Specimens of bitumen from West Virginia. Wing, Hon. Rumsey.—Specimens from Ecuador. Wingard, S. C.—Seven specimens of *“showtl” (Aplodontia leporina) from Olympia, Wash. Ter.’ Wood, &. J.—Specimens of copper ore from La Grange, Ga. Woodman, H. T.—One barrel of oolite from Key West, Fla. Worth, H. M.—Three bullets from Braddock’s battle-ground, ene, County, Pa. Yarrow, Dr. H. C., United States Army.—Three boxes of fish, and a col- lection of shells, fossil and recent, from Fort Macon, N. C.; Egyptian _ Signet-ring ; a necklace of sea-shells from Fillmore, Utah. (See also under Washington, War Department, Surveys west of the one hundredth parallel.) White, Mrs.—Specimens birds’ eggs from Mebanesville, N. C. Whitehand, Kk. A.—One skin of boa, from South America. Whitman, G. P.—One box of fish from Rockport, Mass. Witter, D. R.—One box ethnological specimens from Mansfield, Pa, Williams, H.C.—Indian arrow-heads from Fairfax County, Va. Winans, James.—One specimen insect in alcohol from Xenia, Ohio.
LIST OF MINERALS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1873.
A lbite. Allanite. Allophanite. Alum and var. Amalgam. Amber. Amphibole and var. Analcite, Anatase. Andalusite. Aneglesite. Anhydrite. Anorthite. Anthophyllite. Antimony. Apatite. Apophyllite. Aragonite. Argentite. Areguerite. Arsenic. Arsenopyrite. Atacamite. Aurichailcite. Azurite. Barite. Baritocalcite. Beryl. Biotite. Bismuth. Bitumen. Boracite. Borax. Bromyrite. Brookite.
By Dr. F. M. ENDnEICH.
Brueite. Cacoxene. Calamine. Calcite. Cancrinite. Carpholite. Cassiterite. Celestite. Cerite. Cerusite. Cervantite. Chabazite. Chalcanthite. Chaleocite. Chaleodite. Chalcopyrite. Chlorastrolite. Chlorite. Chloritoid. Chondrodite. Chromite. Chrysoberyl. Chrysocolla. Chrysolite. Cinnabarite. Clinochlorite. Clintonite. Cobaltite. Columbite. Copiapite. Copper. Copperasite. Coquimbite. Corundum. Cryolite
Cryptomorphite.
Cuprite.
’Danburite.
Datholite. Deweylite. Diamond. Diallogite. Diasporite. Dolomite. Domeykite. Embolite. Enstatite. Hpidote. Epsomite. Krubescite. Krythrite. Euchroite. Kuphyllite. BKuxenite. Fergusonite. Fluorite. Forsterite, Franklinite. Gadolinite. Galenite.
Garnet and var.
Gehlenite. Geyserite. Gibbsite. Glauberite. Gold. Gothite. Graphite. Greenockite. Gypsum. Halite. Harmotome.
Hauerite. Hausmannite. Hauijnite. Helvinite. Hematite and Var. Hessite. Heulandite. Hydromagnesite. Hydrotaleite. Hypersthene. Idoerase. Ilmenite. lodyrite. Tolite. Tron, (meteoric.) Iserite. Jamesonite. a.erareyrite. Fermesite. kKerolite. Kyanite. Labradorite. Lanarkite. Lapis lazuli. Laumontite. Lazulite. Leonhardite. Lepidolite. Leucite. Liebethenite. Limonite. Linneite. Liroconite. Magnesite. Magnetite.
LIST OF MINERALS IN NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Malachite. Manganite. Margarite. Meerschaum. Meionite. Melaconite. Millerite. Mimetene.
Mineral coal and
VON. Molybdenite.
var. Natrolite. Nephelite. Nitre. Oligoclase. Olivenite. Opal and var. Orpiment. Orthoelase. Ozocerite. Pectolite.
Museovite and
Peridot and war. Sassolite.
Pharmacoside- Scapolite. rite. Scheeletine. Phlogopite. Scheelite. Pickeringite. Schreibersite. Picrophylite. Scorodite. Pitehblende. Serpentine. Polybasite. Sillimanite. Prehnite. Silver. Psilomelane. Smaltite. Pyrargyrite. Smithsonite. Pyrite. Spinel and var. Pyrolusite. Spodumene. Pyromorphite. Stannite. Pyroxene and var.Staurolite. Pyrrhotite. Stephanite. Quartz and var. Stercorite. Quicksilver. Stibnite. Realgarite. Stilbite. Retinite. Strontianite. Rhodonite. Struvite. Rutile. Sulphur.
Sal ammoniac. Sylvite.
Tachydrite. Tale. Tennantite. Tetrahedrite. Thomsonite. Titanite. Topaz. Tourmaline. Trona. Turquois. Vivianite. Wad. Wavellite. Whitneyite. Willemite. Witherite. Wolframite. Wollastonite. Wultenite. Zincite. Zircon. Zoisite.
| LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Table showing the statistics of the exchanges in 1873.
3 “4 gf g & RS S 543 a Ho = 2 wo as i) SH SH ©) Agent and count Fa ans soa encoun pace ssact es gent and country. B g FS 20 H 442 Re 5 QH 2 os} 2 os qe SL otis eg | 4B.) ee 5 =) 5 Bo om A A ao} E ROYAL SWEDISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCEs, Stockholin: Sweden access cee cee te Oe ee eee eae eee Rene 30 45 3 29 710
ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF Norway, Christiania: EOE W, BY ioc saseieie Notes tate eie ete st aa RUNS LG NR A at ae et
* ROYAL DANISH SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, Copenhagen : Henmarlgandylcelan dyes eee eae eee eee eee eee
L. WATKINS & Co., Saint Petersburg: PRUUS STEYR CNUs Ia At A Ao 2 Ae eR Ta
FREDERICK MULLER, Amsterdam: TEI ENNG Le cobouocua beau uobabe Undo deDEdobE SoocooREEiaoes IBeloiumss assesses sess Cea ee Me eee Geieieniens
Dr. FELIX FLUGEL, Leipsic: GOT Ia ay es spapne teeters Systee oro cuban ieee ora ay ate Fai el Esra SwaAezerlan d'-.< fee sees Mee eeemel eta ee loan eee somos
GUSTAVE BOSsSANGE, Paris : dE EOL ELS le ee A eh ON as Ie en he a lal. PANG TOr Sie wees ike Yes Da el etal ti Werte am Na
REALE ISTITUTO LOMBARDI DI SCIENZE E LETTERE, Milan : Ga yc a re ae eel in ee Reet ae ER ps LC Cae ah ars
RoyaL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Lisbon: JeWeNNe SL Sas SouGno oe dace ccaesoosesanaoboadnbasasaneacde
Roya ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MADRID: PS] Oe TONES Bess Gee iee aA Unie seine PES Sr crs oe mins oem ie
WILLIAM WESLEY, London : GreateBritain ian duireland ecu eee eee ens eee anlee
Buenos Ayres ....-..-.- Hin 7d aye joes lapels eich seitcicis ek eee eee a Be Wev Uae a SI ase A realy ry meiner es dea att MAD RS Cp] 63) fess en ses ce al ee mo pale mca AL See Dy | PO NI eB Government exchanges to German Empire, Prussia, Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Baden, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, France, Italy, England, Russia, IEEE LE tyonboy Olle seneparicecceadasne Gaceedsousueascoulocs
Grand total 22sae ae seees cae se eee ctois oe Scorer ee a nee
28 110 6 45 | 1,430 35 50/ 9 15 480 100| 260] 8 60 | 1,990 60 180 |= 8 60 | 1,920 120| 2290/5 35| 1,216 180°} °° 400° | ae ee 590| 900] 47] 3501] 11,200 ao) iol) 2 30 960 660] 10201. 51| 340+]. 12,160 250| 270| 16{/ 120] 3,840 3 6) 2 7 210 160| 180] 8 60 | 1,920 20 Supfimenoells > 15 430 12 5Oeleaat 28 740 350 | 470) 34| > 255) eco 3 Shea i 210
4 iy | soe 1B 400
3 On eee 7 210
6 is 3 18 540
Q mall GF 6 120
4 Pon 7 210 re eae ae 38 230] 7,300 i856 | 2)735 |) 196 | ea ave | 4a O36
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
13
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe in 1872 and 1873 for distri- bution in America.
Address. 1872.
ALBANY, N. Y.
Albany Institute: ..-...-.--.....--.- 20 Dudley Observatory.---. .----- ------ | 36 Medical Society of the State of New WOK. cocsosccse eeeeeause Seesou seee 1 New York State Agricultural Society} 25 New York State Cabinet of Natural TEUIRMIOIAT <soncmsseen ugdsogoneaesiacn 14 New York State Library ...---.----- 35 New York State University.....--.- 4 Superintendent of Insurance.--.--.--|------ ‘Hon. Francis C. Barlow ..-.--.------- 1 iIProfdames) Halle 25-2. 2- o-s-ie - 20 TM IR. OMG et eee onaconneesooRgD5 1 Prof.iG. W. Hough..........-..--=-- -|------ ChBIO1Callaghan- . 7. 25--<-2-.2----- 1 ALFRED CENTRE, N. Y. Observatory...-..- coepececouetanonbe 2 ALLEGHENY, PA. Allegheny Observatory...--.-..--..- 4 AMHERST, MASS. Agricultural College .........--.---- 1 Aamnerst College .\/- |) 22-22 cnc- =~ 1 Geological Survey of Massachuseits. 1 izinoy Jel dls Olen nessa nn seseals see saes| | coseeo PROD ekes PIMETSON m= clcics sees ees if iRromO soa shepard secemecses oes. |-siae Profeh eine kerman! tease alps 1 ANNAPOLIS, MD. Saint John’s College...-......--..--.|------ SUES IGN yeaa deeme aeeceH ee aseseese|| ssoous United States Naval Academy ...---. 2 _ ANN ARBOR, MICH. Geological Survey of Michigan...--.|-.--.- WSELVALORYE wesc ae tael eno cicicmisiore 5 University of Michigan............-- 1 DocvouPRoninee reset seereeerse eee 2 PTOL ICH NWiAUSOD! =\--+ cineca essen = 2 Prot Aca Wane he lesa smmisenicisclsotoene 6 APPLETON, WIS. Lawrence University...-...-----.--- Ae eae ARMSTRONG, IND. T. Ar mastrone PA cagemiy +3). nies cinlelni|-\e\se == ASHLAND, KY. Agricultural and Mechanical College. tal ATHENS, ILL. Protege eal lee ras tae eee com [Semele ATHENS, OHIO. OhiogWUmiversityenccesscciecwece eee 1 AUGUSTA, ME. Commissioner of Fisheries .....----- 2 SUELS IBID ihAys scab doabosessee ceadeallssooen Jel, VEN KED KES GeogonnoocdessooKue 1
AUSTIN, TEX.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb Sais JOT enAy ceo oood uepboEss soomeal Genego
1873.
Wor
rw)
|| State Library
|| Territorial Agricultural Society
‘| Massachusetts Historical Socicty- ---
Address,
1873.
BALDWIN CITY, KANS.
Baker University BALTIMORE, MD.
American Journal of Dental Science. College of Pharmacy........-.-.----- Mayor of Baltimore.....-...---.--.- Maryland Academy of Science...--. Maryland Historical Society...-..--. 4 Marylan dim stitutesss.. seas) 1 Mercantile Library.-....------------
Peabody Institutesscs se -- 5-1 <a---- 2 State Avricultural Society 1 University of Maryland........-.-.. DBA eCy WO PeR Zs oSo se bsssacdcaess Lawrence B. Thomas..-..----------- 1 PRs Uhler. es) ces sees. yee ee 1
BARNET, VT.
Vermont Historical and Antiquarian Sucienyereee-soaece scna= Fas eet Be
BATON ROUGE, LA.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.-|----z-
State University
| Proterlerrclen sco ols gaa 1
BELLEVILLE, CANADA. W.d:Palmer-..-- EE TO 1 BLOOMINGTON, ILL.
Illinois Natural History Society. --.. 1 BLOOMINGTON, IND.
Indiana University.........---....--
BOISE CITY, IDAHO.
BONHAM, TEX.
State Geological Survey
BOSTON, MASS.
American Academy of Arts and Sci- ences=-2--- a al Pai te catia oh ee tye ane American Christian Examiner: ..-.-.- American Social Science Association. American Statistical Association ---. American Unitarian Association .-- Association for Improving the Condi- TionsotethewLocre +o scee ens oes Board of Education Board of State Charities Boston Athenzum Boston Society of Natural History... Bowditelhedeibrarye ee ice ee aise arena 2 Bureau of Statistics of Labor Christian Register Association ..-.-. 2 CitygHospitallececteer ees seer 1 Commissioner of Insurance. --..-.---- Weer Day School for the Deaf and Dumb..-|.----- Good Health Journal ‘ Gynecological Society
Massachusetts Asylum for the Blina Massachusetts College of Pharmacy
00 OOS et et
=
Bea Oe er oeEowURe
(4
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Lurope, §¢.—Continued.
Address. 1872. Boston, Mass.—Continued. Tee Cau Institute of Technol- ogy Bodo stectoooosoosme cu oUpodouous|soo000e Mayor of the city of Boston ......--..|..--- WIGAN GAN CHEN) coocas tosacceeccosaslodsoos Mercantile litbnanyaeacas -eeseincrs fee) |ecertal- New England Historic Genealogical Society so neede sad oreacoseasendecces 3 North American Review -.----------- 4 Perkins’s Institution for the Blind -- 2 Public Library of the City .-...---.- 14 State Board of Agriculture....--..-.. 11 Sanne Joan ay sccascbucosooosoduadaG] 7 Dye, DUI IBEW Eeaccdbocuespasauuoe. 1 IBlyeAGl IBWWORES oa556e50ds0500 deeoas||5o5000 Drs Dawid Wi Cheeverr ee. . senses eset PNivaniO@lankemeecncee cer eee aoe eee Ola ish OllhnakG) Se esserooeoodnodees seasons 3 [Ores Seromnel MOOG Soe obobGoookadudeesallocooon Mrs HOW eye see etstanncice eiselemerniaeiee il PSG pHOWwem assce eee eeCneer 1 Profil Sterky, ELUM bas seeaaeiaeee sree esc JN nS wis) J8WyEhIE SoS Soc pap Ddo gues sesaue 1 CM MNORGOMe =a sem eemeesiee see ans a IDE MoO WOWiacas abo uasosedouoduedes sessed Dey Alyse (Oredhwenysbaoscosos cedocose 1 Protessom Pickering) - 5. see ae a= 1 TAU InE dp MOC KewiellS a seereyeeletel= rele eee 5 JETRO WN IBS INOS) GooonoonesasseusE> 1 Uo SHINTO SopSKbos poodbe secaaeaden 2 S186, Stomelélein, .cocoecocosepanencaaues 5 IDYB, Elo 18, SHHOWeIes csncodcancaud boo boae J TES Wis WWiakOD Sefer ee neieen tse 1 GUnos; ISL, WY OlDsosccsooboasouneesedec 1 dobertiCaWanGhnropeeeneeeteeierecne 1 Wo Os Wiyaovdllvealexe Beco eee cheno ss sllecosac BRATTLEBOROUGH, VT. State Lunatic Asylum............--- 1 BROOKLINE, MASS. Wh eod lym ant se iervetarereetaiererterere 3 BROOKLYN, N. Y. King’s County Medical Society PIOSAE HSE Long Island Historical Society ....-- 2 Mercantile Libr ary Association ..22.]....-- Statistical Society of Brouklye SAS 827 Thonras Bain dees erterpeperettereisietsis er tesa BRUNSWICK, ME. Bowdoin College .---...-.....-)..25- 3 MistGnical\SocieLy ance ieee ene sae 4 Prof,)P: Al Chadbourne ei ejpi- i -7- 1 BUFFALO, N. Y. Buffalo Historical Society ..-..--.--. Q Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences: -|..---- Medical and Surgical Journal ....---. 1 Society of N: atural Histor Viseinvsieisenee 1 BURLINGTON, IOWA. Iowa Historical and Genealogical TMStitmbois oo sae sos eee sere 1 BURLINGTON, N. J. MWA GUBinney ceose os. oe oe eee 5 PACH DES UEOM ee eristal-jeietelsisicyalaleieleieioiete 1 BURLINGTON, VI. Orleans County Society of Natural SCIEN COS see eee eS eye seh Plea University of Vermont......-..-.-.. 3
1873.
Bp Hwee
nw
— HORE ER OUdW
WwW Oe
Roe
| University of Virginia
Address.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Cloverden Observatory ...-----.----- Dana Librar leben! COU. cosecoanaosadabeace Harvard College Observatory Herbarium of Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology. --. Philosophical Soeciety...--....--.- pate Alexander Agassiz Prof. L. Agassiz Dr. T. A. Allen io Cr ANMUINOMNY 5 ooo nono co sedcosnaease E. Bicknell CharlessBiryantheseesmeneeceeste see IER Nig IMO REles comanscaseasaaccruTe Prof. Asa Gray Dr. H. Hagen Dr. T. Lyman Dr. G. A. Maack Prorjwles Marcoubensseisessee seers Dr. Albert Ordway IEVROINEINOE JB}. IEA) ooaanbdascodeance Prof. John B. Perry 1G, 181) Cle) Roba co oGdobasodseesaes Prof. R. Pumpelly Dr. Steindachner Sereno Watson BRO dig JOS Wylmhnaeyrs aesesedasos osu Prof. J. Winlock Prof. Jeffries Wyman
CARLISLE, PA.
Dickinson College. .....-....--.--.--
' Society of Literature.-.---....-..---
CARSON CITY, NEV. Statewluibramryss sees octets serene CAVE SPRING, GA. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb... CEDAR SPRING, 5. C. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb -- CENTRAL CITY, COLO.
Miners and Mechanics’ Institute. - -. CHAPEL HILL, N. C. University of North Carolina...-...-.- CHAPPELL HILL, TEX.
Soulé University ..-..--..--.0222220: CHARLESTON, S. C. Charleston Library Society.----.-.... Eliott Society of Natural History -- South Carolina Historical Society... Wife IDESMUESWIRS cas bonbboosasssodcses
CHARLESTON, N. H. Samuel Webber
CHARLESTON, W. VA. Stabewuibranyeeeareccecseee mecca
CHARLOTTE, N. C. Teoh I Dey DUNE aaa a6 bosnadasaadencen
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.
Prof. J. W. Mallett
1872. | 1873.
wecoce
=
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES,
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §¢c.—Continued.
Cc)
Address.
CHEYENNE, WYO.
Territorial Library
CHICAGO, ILL.
Chicago Academy of Science.--...--. Chicago Astronomical Society Chicago Boardiot Dradel soe e aan Chicago College of Pharmacy Chicago Historical Society Chicago Medical Times Dearborn Observator V Mayor of the city of Chicago J2MOli@ ILM ANA ~esoeos ceoneus aoauoasee State Natural History Society. -.-..--- Young Men’s Association Library -
TBC, IBY IB eCOVe) eae am ete ee an Prof. T. H. Safford Dr. William Stimpsen _ J.Q. A. Warren
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Academy of Medicine Astronomical Observatory Astronomical Society College of Pharmacy Dental Register Historical and Philosophical Society - Mechanics’ Institute. --...--.-22.2-. Mercantile Library Association..-..-. IPMIDING IMEI Teodaosocodessesosse oak Western Academy of Natural Sci-
CLIFTON, CANADA. United States Consulate............-. CLINTON, N. Y.
iElamnlitoniCollegenteccecess sass se- Litchficld Observatory of Hamilton Coles Ds EGY GSE UNS erawitis BOSS
COALBURGH, W. VA. W. H. Edwards
COLUMBIA, MO.
Agricultural College Geological Survey ‘of Missouri Univer sibyotaaissounieeee ese ese DriGy Ci Swallow. {2-e3e. Loe sss.
COLUMBIA, PA. Profs staldemaneeseoeeeesemece a COLUMBIA, §. C. University of South Carolina......-.
South Carolina College State Library
COLUMBUS, OHIO,
iBurcaukot Statistics eee see Geological Survey of Ohio.........-. Tustitnution tor the Deat and Dumb..
Ohio State Board of Agriculture..... Slarbep len rar yas ee einen roils. Wesqueremx: 99) oooh e see oe Gov. E. F. Noyes W.S. Sulliv aa
CONCORD, N. H.
New Hampshire Historical Socicty..
1873.
op) rt 0
a
a RPOoOrROCAWWwwW
rw)
A. ddress.
1872.
1873.
Concorp, N. H.—Continued.
New Esnpsiire State Lunatic ae Taare eee ; State Library. ane el ee a Ai ea
a
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb... CROW WING, MINN.
Rev Hrancis(Pierziys-sess eee ee ee DANVILLE, KY. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb..- DANVILLE, PA.
Northern Hospital for the Tusane: is DECORAH, IOWA.
Norwegian Lutheran College..-.--.-. Prof. L. Larsen
DELAWARE OHIO. Wesleyan University...-..--.2-22.2: DELAVAN, WIS.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb...
DENVER, COLO.
Territorial Mibrary -s<i <2 ese e\lan 5 Gov. W. Gilpin
DES MOINES, IOWA.
Governor of the State of Iowa State Library
DETROIT, MICH.
Historical Society of Michigan Michigan State Agricultural Society. Public Library Review of Medicine and Pharmacy .. Orlando B. Wheeler
DORCHESTER, MASS.
Dr. Edward Jarvis
DOVER, DEL,
State Library
DU LUTH, WIS.
Scandinavian Library
EASTON, PA.
Iafayette College... - o-. ocioe enna: Northwestern University Prot. J. H. Coffin Prof. T. C. Porter
ELMIRA, N. Y.
Elmira Academy of Sciences
EVANSTON, ILL. ‘DreienryepanmMi steremeserseececeee Prof. Oliver Marcy
by
ao
dist
Hoe
76
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §-c.—Continued.
Address.
1872
1873.
FARIBAULT, MINN. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.. FARMINGTON, CONN. dwardeNorton\ease-eeeesteeeeeee ree FLINT, MICH.
Institutien for the Deaf and Dumb. -
FORT EDWARD, N. Y. Reva GaOlnisteadwesasspeeeeeecee FORT ERIE, CANADA. United States Consulate...........-. FORT RANDALL, DAK. IDG ISMN Oy§ COMES cao dododooossdeo dace FOUNTAINDALE, ILL. MASHBSD Dstt Gee ee eaer nee TRANKFORT, KY. Geological Survey of Kentucky....-.
Public Library State Library
FREDERICK CITY, MD. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. - FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK. Legislative Library University of New Brunswick
Prof. L. W. Bailey Hons iW bry den Sacks. secre eee
FULTON, MO.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.. GALESBURGH, ILL. Lombard University ----.-------.--- GALESVILLE, WIS. Galesville University........-...-.-- GAMBIER, OHIO. I<enyoniColleseenescn--seeeaeeee er GENEVA, N. Y.
APRON Jab JOy SMO Condcondaaseoceaenee
GEORGETOWN, D. C.
Georgetown College DreArthur Ss chottess=ceeeceeeeeeeeee
GEORGETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
United States Consulate............. : GLOUCESTER, N. J
Colgan shinyateee a eesneciene cee ser
GREENCASTLE, IND.
Indiana Asbury University........-.
vw
— CO
to
|| Madison University
Rev. S. T. Rand
| State Library
Address.
HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA.
Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences
Lieut. Gen. Sir Hastings Doy eae T. Matthew Jones
HAMILTON, CANADA.
| United States Consulate............-
HAMILTON, N. Y. HAMPDEN-SYDNEY, VA. Hampden-Sydney College ...-.--....
HANOVER, N. H.
HANTSPORT, NOVA SCOTIA. HARRISBURGH, PA. Medical Society of the State of Penn-
Spl wala see ae ae Mie en eto State Agricultural Society..--..-.-.-
State Lunatic Hospital HARTFORD, CONN.
Connecticut Hospital for Insane Historical Society of Connecticut. -.. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb .. State Agricultural Society........--. State Library Rriniby Covese pies sooo eee Young Men’s Institute
HELENA, MONT. Historical Society of Montana. -.-...-
HILLSBOROUGH, N. C. Rew. MEAN Cuntisseenesceeeneecccece
HOLLY GROVE, ARK. Literary Distitute
HOT SPRINGS, ARK. Dr. Edw. Foreman
HOULTON, ME. Forest Club
HUDSON, OHIO. . Western Reserve College.........--.
HYAuTSVILLE, MD. State Agricultural College
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
Geological Survey of Indiana........ Indiana Historical Society...---..-.. Institute for Educating the Blind ... Institution for the Deaf and Dumb .. McIntyre Institution for Deaf Mutes
1872.
he 0D 1D ad
1873.
Ree eR
sssece
ra LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES. 4 j Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §¢.—Continued. Address. 1872. | 1873. Address. 1872. | i873. INDIANAPOLIS, InD.—Continued. LANSING, MICH. SiatieIO NDAs b CopSscoucooedsdeKEsoocd|ecoose Ages tatoplnbranvareeeececest kerries ossae Q Of Jel, 1ayevebleay s sees as Seba sd ee eats oe Die Aes John W-Bytkit - ..-..2-...-j00- e080 HOA. LAWRENCE, KANS. 1B, 18, (COX cob beduacousoDsesaueRehoes 18 a df. MIB en NAR) | So6 be soaooe saSeeeeoe 1 1 || Kansas Historical Society......---.-].--.-. 3 (Gr WL JUGMEMIG)s oss oeeoeseLeoeesasuee Day), hoes Universityaot Kansas me oaeeene serene 3 INMANSVILLE, WIS. LEBANON, TENN. Wisconsin Scandinavian Society..-- |.----- 1 || Cumberland University.- -...-..... 1 1 ¢ Prof. James Safford .......--...--.-- 2 1 IOWA CITY, IOWA. LEAVENWORTH, KANS. Geological Survey of Iowa..-...-.--- Q 1 Institution for Deaf and Dumb .-..-. Pi es9es) 1Collerelot Pharmacy s-)ese-ioe al eiaee 1 Iowa State University. ..----.--..--. 26 24 || Kansas Academy of Sciences. ....--.! 2... 4 State Historical Society -...--....-.-]------ 3 || Mercantile | ibrary Association .....|.-.-.. 3 PRO Cr, ebiAAKH Ne oosoocomooHEaeRoDae 21 14 Proti@ AR IWihitOs acnac- sees oe ee 6 & LEWISBURGH, PA. ITHACA, N. Y. lUmivensityeseseseceresetreercecereree 1 2 Cornell College... 0.2. nce cee ected [elo 5 LEWISTON, ME. 2 oye IN. Ja: IDWS) cenceeoESEoseeOn eee VAleerSass Anéroscoggin Natural History Soci- JACKSON, MISS. Ciitvicnc anes orcsnedoe SoerOnCecOnoEHed bsserE 3 Institute for Deaf and Dumb .......].----. 1 LEXINGTON, KY. State Historical Society .......----- |.----. 3 lates LAT YA Meer e cic -sarrtersejererereiee vie eae ey. 1 || Eastern Lunatic Asylum.-.......2-. abel seseeay a Kentucky University and State JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Acriculturall Society *222:-2 2-222.) ss... 3 » Transylvania University......-...-. 1 1 Young Men’s Christian Association .|..-.-. 3 . LEXINGTON, VA. JACKSONVILLE, ILL. WG 18, NEWAydotooopdodsadesubusdose- 3 2 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. - 1 1 State Hospital for the Insane......-. Qhilssaeece LIBERTY, VA. JAMAICA PLAINS, MASS. WEL Cuntiss* treme tcecetien cence Le Soci. Bussey Institution ........--.-.-.--. 15 19 LINCOLN, NEBR. JANESVILLE, WIS. Statewmibnabyeteerrese cere eseaetee oleae 3 Wisconsin Institution for the Edu- t LITTLE ROCK, ARK. cation of the Blind........./222 2] .2 22 2 Governor of the State of Arkansas-.-|...--. 1 JEFFERSON CITY, MO. Institution for the Deat and Dumb..|.-.... 1 , StatenGeologistas esessnae mele erci| oeeralee 1 Governor of the State of Missouri ...}....-. Tll| Suan IlmAiay Goocsosodudesonscobesaallacoqe 19 Historical Society of Missouri ....-.. 1 40|| ‘State University, \...20- acs. sclne- =| cc<- 2 Stabevbilbrary, aeensee eee ecisoc seisete| ae ote 1 LOCKPORT, N. Y. JERSEY CITY, N. J. (OWL 29) UOwGus suscccsadosncousonsedne 3 1 SPAlOSSen asa tecieisiccaciemiciocisc eee cee | eee 1 LONDON, CANADA. KANSAS CITY, MO. OL IS} INCE). 356 soobaoooneasosdeCGOsoauE) | bacse> 1 Young Men’s Christian Association |...-.- 3 LONG VIEW, OHIO. KEYTESVILLE, MO. Long View Asylum......--.--------- iseoaba WharlesmVentchtmce ce cee eneaces sees be aes LOUISVILLE, KY. KINGSTON, CANADA. College of Pharmacy ..--------------|..---- 1 Botanical Society of Canada........- 1 4 || Kentucky Historical Society ....-.-..|...--- 3 KaneisiCollege tio Lee ea aE 1 || Louisville and Richmord Medical Queens! College seeks eee tees eeelluae cee 1 TOuTN Al el sae ee OS a 1 3 Public Library of Kentucky. ......-.|---.-- 4 KNOXVILLE, TENN. University of Louisville............. Q 3 East Tennessee University-......-..|.....- 2 LYNCHBURGH, VA. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb ..}.....- 6 Prof i.e Bradley, ust Seseiay 1 2 \| Medical Society of Virginia........2- TN seGooe
=I
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §-c.—Continued.
Address.
LYNN, MASS.
Society of Natural History MADISON, WIS.
Agricultural Department State Historical Society of Wiscon-
sin Geological Survey of Wisconsin. .... Office cf Emigration....-.-.-...---.- State Library University of Wisconsin Wisconsin Academy of Sciences,
Amtsvandewebterseescereeee ee eeeee Wisconsin State Agricultural Soci-
MANCHESTER, N. H. Cityaliibrony eee eee eee eect oee MANITOBA, BRITISH AMERICA. Library of Saint John’s College ...-. MARQUETTE, MICH.
Bishop Ignatius Maak...-..-...-. ee MIDDLETOWN, CONN.
Wesleyan University.............-- MILLEDGEVILLE, GA.
State Library University
MILWAUKEE, WIS.
Natural History Society......-...--. W. Engelmann
Dr. L A. Lapham
MOBILE, ALA.
Charles Mohr
MONTGOMERY, ALA. Statoduibranyeesseceneecceiscceeeee: MONTPELIER, VT.
Historical Society of Vermont. .....- State Library
MONTREAL, CANADA.
Agricultural Society of Lower Canada Geological Survey of Canada MeGill College Montreal Observatory Natural History Society United States Consulate-General Captain|S. C. Bagg.-- 02.232 .. soe ane Prof. E. Billings
H. Chaveau BP. P. Carpenter IPROL ID We Da wSOD = j+5 scceeeetcisanc Lord Dufferin T. Sterry Hunt Sir W. E. Logan MOSophUMiclKhaycesaesecosseee neater David A. P. Watt
MOUNT FOREST, (ONTARIO,) CANADA.
Wyaubbienmn WWavlblgacgoadesscaaceuc asance
1872.
woe
1873.
Bon
Address.
NASHUA, N. H.
Dr. B. K. Emerson
NASHVILLE, TENN.
Geological Survey of Tennessee. --.. Staterknbramy pees ere seen Tennessee Historical Society..-..-..- University
NEENAH, WIS.
‘Scandinavian Library Association...
NEWAPK, N. J. Historical Society of New Jersey.... NEW ALBANY, IND.
Society of Natural History
NEW BEDFORD, MASS. pete hon SOT eee eee eae NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.
Geological Survey of New Jersey....
Rutgers College so --s-- ese see
Prolidn Ca SMO Cke meee pease NEW COELN, WIS.
Ise hyo dbs ANG JesH INIT, OS ono a aecdsaasoges NEW HAVEN, CONN.
American Journal of Science and ARG 2 tei aoe eee ee ee eae coeee American Oriental Society
"Connecticut Academy of Arts and SCIENCES tees Awe eee Mercantileiibranysss-=-a-255 eases Wolei@olle cetera ssa scee sree ree Prot. WARE Blake ens o0 seo ee eee Jee do Cr ISHN saeco qandesndasanac Prof. J. D. Dana
Prof. EK. Loomis IPTOn CaS siy manera setae eee eee Prof. 0. C. Marsh
Prot. Sidney Smith Prof. A. E. Verrill Prof. W. D. Whitney Dr. T. D. Woolsey Doctor Voungersas-eeeeee ea eee eee:
NEWPORT, VT.
Orleans County Society of Natural CIONCESSassteee nr eaee reer ee eee ees
NEW ORLEANS, LA.
Mayor of the city of New Orleans -.. Mechanies’ Society Library..-..---. New Orleans Academy of Natural SCien C6See se ee University of Louisiana---.--...---- Dr. J. G. Richardson. ~~... 2-252 -2-
NEW YORK, N. Y.
American Bible Society American Bureau of Mines.-....----- American Christian Commission.... Amencani @hemistime- esses ceceeeeer American Druggists’ Circular.....-.
1872.
1873.
Wwe aD
oP
rw)
oes Swwow mn
=
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §e.—Continued.
Address. 1872. | 1873. Address. New York, N. Y.—Continued. New York, N. Y.—Continued. American Geogtaphical and Statisti- Dye, Ay 10h Iu IBah SB SGaneedseenboSous Gall SWCIGIY <ededeosadooesescogessas 4 450 ||PerofsaCharlessRaweyes a-ha taleee American Institute.......-.-.-.---.- 25 SUL yl Dyes Det, Wi IRA MONG! Soo ooodSHHaSeoSeE American Institute of Architects -.- 2 Pl} Dye, de IRON oo GaoeoonSSoonSsenons American Journal of Mining ..-.-.. Qeleaerstr: RE MRO blnwie lleva ce mistrsceiaae American Microscopical Society. - -- - 1 I SamuelpBakugclesisssssaeeeesaeeee American Museum of Natural His- JOIN E IRMA Aryl Co scaoaaceusessoasee HIN = doSans eecacoaseupeeoedacsdddtc 19 USE Woubins Sehiiitersaerecs-nialeehe sce e American Society of Civil Engineervs.|.--.-- a | 1B INE Syelnernare) tens sbesceaasoceacessac Anthropological Institute of New L. W. Schmidt. :-25.-- BSNS 28 fone Peis WOK LJ .42s5eeSceunsquscsonece 23 aia Charles!Stephaniissssa5 5 s.r es) sice = AND OREMUNCES) LON Ay ease ssooessaee lpocess Ibo NOs (ers te ebiee LAS ea Sccqooesoodsaueade AMSDIE JUDY 5 = Sc oseeoceenoeeooeeueE 7 Ue | Die, di@lain Aor oseacssosassassudeas Christian Inquirer Office.........-.. Di oaudaais Western & Co., Journal of Mining -. ColleseiotPharmacy = eee n- secs <2 2 == = = 1, || Gen. Prosper Wetmore ---:.:255----- Columba Colles ee essee re seme nee 2 Tiff) Dye; TBA Ou Anatase oe Gdcoosscasoaucene- Engineering and Mining Journal. ... Ut |oooacoe Charles F. Wingate ........---.--..- Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.. 1 1 _Institution for Improved Instruction NILES, CAL. of the Deaf and Dumb.:--.--.--...)---.-- 1 Journal of Psychological Medicine Mr OrenzO/ Gea bes laters asters cisiaeiais re elel=1t and Anthropology-.-.-...---.------- 3 2 Hmipera@hristiameee ss -snclcacie cise 6 NORTHAMPTON, MASS. Lyceum of Natural History. ..-..--- 107 104 Mayor of the city of New York....-. 1 2 || Clarke Institution for Deaf Mutes. -- Wieoligall Gevalia’, osoconeopoudeccoenes Tiecodaes State Lunatic Hospital .......--..... WieGhicall DOWMO Gasgaessecocdasaases 1 3 Mercantile Library Association -.--. 3 9 NORWICH, CONN. Metropolitan Board of Health.....-. 3 3 National Board of Underwriters. ---. ecceacs Hon. David A. Wells ....-..-.--..-- New York Academy of Medicine -... 6 5 j New York City Lunatic Asylum... Qi aes aee OAKLAND, CAL. New York Historical Society.-. ..-.. 5 6 i New York Hungarian Society. ...--.].--.-- 1 || Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.. New York Medico-Gistorical Society] -.--.- 3 New York Prison Association. ....-- i El eae OLATHE, KANS. Numismatic and Archeological So- CIC bye nen Menace aee ee ce cmosiee Imleasewice Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.. Office of the Sanitarian. ....--..-2-+-)----.- 1 Sreln@ell orF INTHE Yoseee suaosconoeneses 5 ri OLYMPIA, WASH. SeienbiieyAanenicam = js25-- ses o a Al esc Society tor the Protection of Animals}.-..-.-- I a Rerritorial libratyees scecise ssi eee State Commissioner of Public Chari- WES. 65 SEs Ha SARS ee ee ale epeuas a leg heals aes ca OMAHA, NEBR. United States Sanitary Commission. 2 11 University of New York..-.--..--.-. 5 8 || Institute for the Deaf and Dumb .... William Angermann ...-...-.--.---. 1 |.......|| Nebraska Historical Society -.--....-- ProfphpActe Vw Barnande eae eeeeceoc. 1 3 DryHordycer Barkers sccssssseec cee 1s ees reso ORONO, ME. Ada SE BICRINOKsy snoedaacoucopesour Gees Atel estes pliromasiPlan dees cise ieee saree Qi eerste Maine State College of Agriculture. . DD rekin CyBoltonee ec caeesssncccsecre: (all ies eee RevNapbane Brow sone sse eee eee Dh | Peg sts OTTAWA, CANADA. irofsaCnke Chandler=-2- sce. sees -ec 3 ut DAnIeMMrapereeetecre ce sees ee ee fee 1 || United States Consulate......-...--- ye, let, IDPH Nee sp eceso pose Saseasese= 3 (7) dibrary.of Parliaments: 2.222. 2/1... 1etHonis be JB OeaaAconaaeaeoaobaaee 1 Phil AMO Ne Tnss 4 NEdiGl 55 66 dooce neaHeaDosees AMMUOM JBMNG= | saeneaoAoaoSUDoaScoase ape see Captydiohmebricssons.- 222-452-5405 2 1 OTTAWA, ILL. DAVideDudleyeHieldeee ee emee ceases altace 1 Greorgentolsomiysenee see eeeena see eece 3 2 || Ottawa Academy of Natural Sciences SH Uo Clas ee creee Gusts te ce eenee ale eee eg ennyaGainnelleesee eee eee eee 2 4 OWEN SOUND, CANADA. Weer Ate bliaim 6g 70 8 i iiale eA en elt 1 Dry Hlisha)Marris. = 5..---2-- Soa Seee Th Sees || MrsxJiessieW Roy *20--222--2-2- see: William B. Hodgson....-....---.---- 1 2 rote OlianlesvAta OVeecsseaeacee ee 1 1 OXFORD, MISS. Dr ames ee Kimballee sateen coe acc lesan oe 2 UGS Chie Roe OOe mse ete nest eee oe oes 1 || University of Mississippi.-.--.-..--.. ID) PME ORO AD Ds. -(- 2) emcee sea tl eaccee 1.|| Eugene W. Hilgard .-.2-:..222.5.5.. George N: Lawrence .-.--......----- Si aa aes INbasy (Ch Ate Tb Onl boosoapecoudades aa laseese 1 OXFORD, OHIO. ID es ae SHINES Bey? Boob asnmocnoees a 9 Dre PNObbee ees ae Scie e nese 3 1 eMiaminWiniversity;sasaseeeiisceccsceas BRotWAGYReCk 2. oun sen ee ase aD ere eee PRemmpleyPrimciern nee c eee 1 Q PENN YAN, N. ¥. /\ HERS GL IEC hel eaeleayrr ses eran tess Qulsgaeek Baron! Osteusacken=- 2-055. 225)-o5ene slsllaerenraie Dr SEM Wiriehtessscmentscmscesonse
1872.
Lait <2)
79
1873,
ROR
Oe rw)
w
80
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §c.—Continued.
Address. 1872.| 1873. Address. 1872. | 1873. PEORIA, ILL. PITTSBURGH, PA. Mercantile Library Association....-.|.----- 5 || Pittsburgh Day School for the Deaf ID ye, Ja, Jems se ssoossaosoouoconces 1 1 and Dum bspeeeeeee eee ee nien eee ene pesos 1 PHILADELPHIA, PA. POMARIA, S. C. Academy of Natural Sciences ....... 203 193 || William Summer.................... alallscuarstie American Entomological Scciety - - 17 8 American Journal of Conchology .-. 4 3 PORTLAND, ME. American Pharmaceutical Agsocia- (KF lid Unoeneueoese use seeomoreloscors 31 27 || Portland Society of Natural History.| 43 65 American Philosophical Society. ---- 131 132 Central/Hich School?) - 2.2). ~~~ 2 len 3 PORT HOPE, CANADA. Central High-School Observatory....|---.-- 1 @ollescvotpeharmacyese eee ea eee 1 || Rev. Ci JS: Bethume: 222522225. 2.8. pal bac Collese OfeRhysicianseeesse eee eee leeceee 1 Mental Cosmosieeee seen eee eee eee 3 1 PORT SARNIA, CANADA. Wental Waboratoryeeen-cciseeieeicseae BMIBE Aas Mental Mimess sess kacs eae eee 3 |.--- 1 || United States Consulate.......--.-..|.-..-- 1 Mranisdinelarstitubemecesseeeeeees eee 30 30 GinardyCollese esse ecneere eee sere 4 1 PORT TOWNSEND, WASH. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 6 11 Library Company RS Seen eee eee 3 Sil dienes (Ea Sie Nocoosadacsadodcocasous iba eee Mayor of the city of Philadelphia --|...--. #1 Medico-Chirurgical Review....-..-.- 3 2 POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. Medical and Surgical Reporter .....- 2 jecasens Medicallitim essere eee ecaeeeeee 6 LOG WassarmColleseme-e- sec ce cceneccce 3 Q Mercantile bilbramye cemeteries 1 || Miss Maria Mitchell............-...-. lel easces Numismatic Society.....-......----- 8 Isocbode Pennsylvania Institution for the PRESCOTT, ARIZONA. BLM ee Sasa hee eames Sse tees Sem eee Deaeeseas Pennsylvania Institution for the MoereltonialymibraLnyeeees tae cece |eeeeee 3 DentwandeD mimibeeess sees kee 2 3 Philadelphia Society for Promoting PRESCOTT, CANADA. JA GGUS) + so sos0.coceaaeuassoaons|lboococ 1 Polytechnic College. .... apegre cesses 1 1 || United States Consulate........-.---|.----. r] IPMplichSchoolsty ses -ceeeenee ene see aleeeeee 2 Society for the Protection of Animals|. .-.--- 1 PRINCETON, N. J. Univer sity of Pennsylvania ..-..... Q 1 Wagner Free Institute of Science . 16 15 || Agricultural Society ........-....--. IR esas Rev, Dr. E: R. Beadle. .2).7..0.22-02 3 4 || College of New Jer-ey.-.-...-...----- 5 17 Towel IBlNCEXWSacosdoosbausoosneuces Wilesocace (Vebrotas: Allexan der 2c: -) ite a aey eames 1 IWetBrotherheadmesnt asec srecere fl lascooe EAT) BLOWS msieieteiereieletiae eteetet eras Meas LOVE, Sh Nie IEW Ro Sec dobSsoouSs once 1 iW Terrors AUS (CnbbyONGeSoou bagoaKodosHoeues|) aooes 6 18h Ob OBireh7 a obho once 2 IP] serene, (OL lakers) 6 abo Sb Asacecooauonose 3 1 Pliny E. Chase ...-..-. hillaecoas.c George W. Childs TY eo0d6s0 PROVIDENCE, R. I. Teo, Ai Ae OMT -obecanoascdsecccr 1 3 IPA, Js, 1D), Coys sasnaccauduoadosasce. 5 3 || Atheneum). soo teosccess seen bese eee scene 1 SH eR ORESSOMM aera sie ecene ceieicte 1 1 || Brown. University. .-.-.2.22--).222-- 6 4 IUSRRON INE Sade SoabesuSsacsorosesocslssaoce 2 || Rhode Island Historical Scciety -.-.. Q 7 181 OERVHO os cos cuMooomGeostE cauTeGoe Ik Weooodes Statevdhibrany 226.2 -2eetee ee eee eee 3 IBADVe Mo ML EMM Sb5 soGdacesooo OS 3 2.) John Bartlettscsss-asseeee eeeeee Oi leedaes IDTEMEGINU hs Seco ne noSEopootscTeooesser tiecaas Q5 MSs Olney iacic- Adee sais seis icine De ees MELO See ae ee ist setic ne raisia eisieya siele ia ciate leis TT Dios JORIS NO Ra qasacoeddosonoccoudasssous 5 11 DriilisaacwWeas jee. ae. seca ceseeet 12 16 Dr. John L. Le Conte ............... 7 10 QUAKERTOWN, PA. Dr Joseph Weide eececisyseemacseccee 13 16 db Mbesloye eae ceceensteeesseaee 1 PAP rinse MOY. OL rctateslesetaterlsjaiaieisialeie || eset 1 Onl Oa ahha Beeaes Demet ecemrna ap Stocco seers 1 Bi Siliymant — oes eee ees 2 Se ous 2 QUEBEC, CANADA. Dri. Aitken Melos ie sees santero 4 1 ‘Professor Matches sseseeee eee ce cen neceee 1s || aval (Omiversit ystems ett alse 1 HranihinvRealennessmeecctiencmaceecicte Thi Geb sas% Literary and Historical Society.-....}.----- 26 Henn yeehillipseeeeceeseeeeeeeeeeeeee Talkaee eee United States Consulate ......-......).-.--- 1 Drs Gwkichardsoneceeeeps eeeenose 1 3 Benyaminismithe sasscceeeeeeeeeee Pu ERGSOse RALEIGH, N. C. George W. Tryon, jr.-...-...-- Sod 2 6 INTs SE ao Nee an nt eerste Statewwibranversseeeseee eee Se eee ee essere 4 Prof We Wiaeners ss sac ca0neeeeeeeee 8) Hoodoo: Institution for the Deaf and Dumb .. 1 1 Dr. Horatio C. Wood, jr. ......-.-..-. 4 PY ee Wio On INGOs SSA soesasoodcoooucEs||aooees 1 PICTOU, NOVA SCOTIA. RICHMOND, VA. United States Consulate.............|.....- 1 Medical Society of Virginia.........|.-.--- 3 PINE LAKE, WIS. Stateguibraby Se seeesee ceeeeseescee 3 € Virginia Historical Society.....-.--. 1 4 Wisconsin Scandinavian Society .--.).-- 1 || Thomas H. Wiynne! ese seeses ee ee i Waaocao
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
81
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, §¢.—Continued.
Address.
1873.
ROCHESTER, N. Y.
University Prof. Henry A. Ward
ROMNEY, W. VA. Institution for the Deaf and Dumb-. RUTLAND, VT.
Vermont Pharmaceutical Association SACRAMENTO, GAL. Geological Survey of California ....... State A ericultural Seciety
State Library ,
SAINT ANTHONY, MINN. ¢
University Dr. A. Robertson
SAINT AUGUSTINE, FLA.
Historical Society of Florida
SAINT JOHN, CANADA.
United States Consulate SAINT JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Mechanics’ Institute Natural History Society..-..---.---. United States Consulate. ...0.....--. G. IF. Matthews.
Gilbert Murdock Prof. Alleyne Nicholson
SAINT JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND. United States Consulste....-.-.-..-- SAINT LOUIS, MO.
College of Pharmacy Institution tor the Deaf and Dumb-. Mercantile Library Missouri Dental Journal Public School Library.....---.......-- Saint Leuis Academy of Sciences. . -. University of Saint Louis Dr. Louis Bauer Ernst Von Engelbrodt.....-....-.... Dr. G. Engelmann N. Holmes Dr. M. L. Linton Dr. H. A. Prout Prof. R. Pumpelly OMVErRleye CeCe week Se REE RAE Re Maurice Schuster
SAINT PAUL, MINN.
Academy of Natural Science......... Chamber of Commerce Institution for Deaf and Dumb Minnesota. Historical Society.-....-. Stiane IGib pays eee ee Ee J. R. Kloos
SALEM, MASS.
American Association for Advance-
ment of Science American Naturalist. 0. 222cs522 55 Essex Institute, Salem Peabody Academy of Science
6S
oO Bee ROR ee pee
_ BR ORO
WO, (Gad iet MiG) ye sccnudcooc GE eRotes
Address.
1872. | 1873.
SALEM, Mass.—Continued. IDbIsh IW Kay ee\s) Goo boo Cob EoooBuceEosnSsosae
SALEM, OREG.
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. - Stateduibrabyreseeseecpeces sae eeecese
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
Territorial Library